| A | B |
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| Digital Signal | An electrical signal that uses discrete (discontinuous) values to represent information, usually consisting of two states: HIGH (1) and LOW (0). |
| Binary | A base-2 number system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1. This is the "language" of digital processors. |
| Logic Gate | A device that acts as a building block for digital circuits. It performs a logical operation on one or more binary inputs to produce a single binary output. |
| Truth Table | A mathematical table used in logic to illustrate all possible input combinations and their resulting outputs for a given digital circuit. |
| Boolean Algebra | A branch of mathematics that deals with variables that have only two values (True/False or 1/0), used to simplify and analyze digital gates. |
| AND Gate | A logic gate where the output is HIGH (1) only if all of its inputs are HIGH. |
| OR Gate | A logic gate where the output is HIGH (1) if at least one of its inputs is HIGH |
| NOT Gate (Inverter) | A logic gate that reverses the input; if the input is 1, the output is 0, and vice-versa. |
| NAND Gate | A "Universal Gate" that acts as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. The output is LOW only when all inputs are HIGH. |
| NOR Gate | A "Universal Gate" that acts as an OR gate followed by a NOT gate. The output is HIGH only when all inputs are LOW. |
| Clock Signal | A periodic signal that oscillates between HIGH and LOW states, used to coordinate the actions of digital circuits like a "metronome." |
| Integrated Circuit (IC) | A small semiconductor chip (usually silicon) that contains thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors. They are often categorized by "Series" (e.g., the 7400 series). |
| Transistor | A semiconductor device used to switch or amplify electronic signals. In digital electronics, they function primarily as high-speed switches. |
| YES Gate (Buffer) | A logic gate that passes the input signal to the output without inversion. If the input is HIGH (1), the output is HIGH (1); if the input is LOW (0), the output is LOW (0). |
| XOR Gate (Exclusive OR) | A logic gate where the output is HIGH (1) only if the inputs are different. For a two-input gate, the output is HIGH if one input is 1 and the other is 0. If both inputs are the same, the output is LOW (0). |
| XNOR Gate (Exclusive NOR) | A logic gate that acts as an XOR gate followed by a NOT gate. The output is HIGH (1) only if the inputs are the same (both 0 or both 1). It is often referred to as an "Equivalence Gate." |
