| A | B |
|---|
| allele | part of a gene that codes for a physical trait: one of a number of different forms of a gene that contributes to a particular genotypic or phenotypic trait |
| chromosome | a thread-like structure made of molecules within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next |
| crossing-over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis, thereby shuffling genes between homologous chromosomes |
| diploid | a cell that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes (2n) - 46 in humans |
| gamete | sex cell, such as a sperm or an egg |
| gene | a sequence of DNA that codes for/determines a specific trait |
| haploid | cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes: 1n - (23) in humans |
| heterozygous | having 2 different alleles for a particular gene |
| homologous | pairs of chromosomes in which 1 set (23) of chromosomes comes from the mother and 1 set (23) of chromosomes comes from the father |
| homozygous | having 2 identical pairs of alleles for a particular gene |
| meiosis | the process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. Only happens in sex cells, not somatic cells. |
| number of daughter cells produced in mitosis | 2 |
| number of daughter cells produced after meiosis | 4 |
| zygote | a fertilized egg |
| tetrad | formed during the first phase of meiosis - the two homologous chromosomes will align next to each other (each is made up of two sister chromatids it will look like a group of four) |
