| A | B |
|---|
| anaphora | Repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines |
| epistrophe | Using the same word or words to end a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences |
| allusion | A reference to previous literary works (like the bible), famous people, places, or events |
| call to action | Clearly stated actions that ask an audience to do a particular thing |
| contrast | Structuring phrases and words to highlight the differences between two or more things; the second part is usually positive |
| imagery | Words that create mental pictures and often appeal to the senses (sight, sound, taste, smell, touch) |
| inclusive language | The emphasis on common beliefs, actions, and emotions to invoke and invite all members (including enemies) of an audience to consider the author’s message |
| metaphor | Makes a comparison without using “like” or “as” |
| repetiion | Use of the same word or phrases for emphasis; when words in speeches are repeated, the brain will likely remember those words |
| ethos | establishing the authority, reputation, and trustworthiness with regard to a particular subject. A subtle way to do this is to cite sources within a speech |
| pathos | appealing to the emotions of the audience |
| logos | the logic used to support a claim or assertion with proof (facts and statistics) |
| rule of three | allows a speaker to express a concept, emphasize it, and make it memorable; can be three separate sentences, phrases within a sentence, etc. |
| parallelism | structuring of items in a similar fashion. |
