| A | B |
|---|
| Female Reproductive System | System that produces ova, supports fertilization, and sustains pregnancy through hormonally regulated cycles |
| Ovaries | Primary female reproductive organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone |
| Ovum (Oocyte) | Female gamete (egg cell) and largest cell in the human body |
| Ovarian Follicles | Structures in the ovaries that contain immature ova |
| Estrogen | Hormone secreted by the ovary that supports sexual development and regulates the menstrual cycle |
| Progesterone | Hormone secreted by the corpus lutem and placenta that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy |
| Fallopian Tubes | Ducts that transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus |
| Infundibulum | Widened end of the fallopian tube near the ovary |
| Fimbriae | Fingerlike projections that sweep the ovum into the fallopian tube |
| Fertilization | Union of sperm and ovum typically occurring in the fallopian tube |
| Uterus | Muscular, pear-shaped organ where a fertilized egg (embryo) implants and develops |
| Endometrium | Inner lining of the uterus that thickens for pregnancy and sheds during menstruation |
| Myometrium | Muscular middle layer of the uterus; responsible for contractions during labour |
| Perimetrium | Outer protective lining of the uterus |
| Fundus | Top portion of the uterus |
| Cervix | Lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina |
| Mucus Plug | Protective barrier in the cervix that prevents infection |
| Vagina | Muscular canal that runs from the cervix to the outside of the body; for sperm entry, menstruation and childbirth |
| Perimenopause | Transitional phase before menopause marked by hormonal fluctuations and an irregular cycle |
| Menstrual Cycle | Hormone-regulated cycle occurring approximately every 28 days |
| Ovarian Cycle | Cycle involving development and release of an ovum |
| Follicular Phase | Phase of the ovarian cycle where follicles mature promoted by estrogen and FSH |
| Ovulation | Release of an egg from the ovary, triggered by luteinizing hormone |
| Luteal Phase | Phase of the ovarian cycle where corpus luteum produces hormones |
| Corpus Luteum | Structure that forms from ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone |
| Uterine Cycle | Cycle involving changes in the endometrium |
| Menstrual Phase | Uterine cycle phase of shedding of the endometrial lining |
| Proliferative Phase | Uterine cycle phase of repair and growth of the endometrium |
| Secretory Phase | Uterine cycle phase of preparation for implantation |
| Menarche | Onset of menstruation at puberty |
| Menopause | Natural and permanent end of menstruation |
| Vulva | External female genital structures, as a whole |
| Mons Pubis | Rounded, fatty pad of tissue over the pubic bone |
| Labia Majora | Outer folds of the vulva lips that protect openings |
| Labia Minora | Inner folds of the vulva lips that protect and contain glands |
| Clitoris | Sensitive erectile structure involved in sexual arousal |
| Vaginal Opening | Entrance to the vaginal canal |
| Hymen | Membrane that may partially cover the vaginal opening |
| Bartholin Glands | Glands that secrete lubricating mucus near the vaginal opening to lubricate the vulva |
| Perineum | Area between vaginal opening and anus in females (scrotum and anus in males) |
| Mammary Glands | Accessory organs that produce milk after childbirth |
| Lactiferous Ducts | Tubes that carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple (breast surface) |
| Nipple | External projection where milk exits |
| Areola | Pigmented area surrounding the nipple |
| Pregnancy (Gestation) | Process of developing a fetus in the uterus |
| Implantation | Embedding of fertilized egg into the endometrium |
| Embryo | Developing human from weeks 2 to 8 of gestation |
| Fetus | Developing human from 9th week of gestation until birth |
| Placenta | Organ that produces hormones, provides oxygen and nutrients, and removes waste during pregnancy; allows exchage between the maternal and fetal blood supplies |
| Amnion | Inner membrane surrounding the developing offspring and forming the amniotic sac |
| Amniotic Fluid | Fluid that cushions and protects the fetus |
| Chorion | Outer membranesurrounding the developing offspring, contributing to placenta formation |
| Parturition | Process of childbirth |
| Dilation Stage | First stage of labour where cervix opens to allow delivery |
| Expulsion Stage | Second stage of labour where the baby is delivered |
| Placental Stage | Third stage of labour where the placenta and membranes are expelled |
| Effacement | Thinning and shortening of the cervix in preparation for delivery |
| Crowning | Occurs during childbirth when the baby's head becomes visible at the vaginal opening |
| Gravidity | Total number of pregnancies |
| Parity | Number of pregnancies reaching viable gestation |
| Nulligravida | Individual who has never been pregnant |
| Primigravida | Individual pregnant for the first time |
| Nullipara | Individual who has never carried a pregnancy to viability |
| Primipara | Individual who has carried one viable pregnancy |
| Multipara | Individual who has given birth two or more times to viable infants |
| Dizygotic Twins | twins that result from the release and fertilization of more than one egg; fraternal |
| Monozygotic Twins | twins that result from the splitting of one fertilized egg; identical |
| Multiple gestation | Pregancy with more than one fetus present in the uterus |
| Midwife | Profession who provides pregnancy, labour, and postpartum care but is not a physician |
| Obstetrician/Gynecologist | Physican and surgeon who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions related to women's health and reproduction |
| Pediatrician | Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions related to children's health and development |
| Neonatology | Subspecialty of pediatrics focusing on care of the newborn |
