| A | B |
|---|
| Pathology | Study of disease, including its causes, mechanisms, and effects. |
| Disease | An abnormal condition or disorder that impairs normal body functioning. |
| Homeostasis | The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite internal or external changes. |
| Diagnosis | The process of identifying and classifying a disease or condition based on signs, symptoms, history, and diagnostic testing. |
| Prognosis | The predicted outcome or course of a disease, including likelihood of recovery or complications. |
| Sign | Observable evidence that can be seen or measured by a healthcare provider. |
| Symptom | A subjective experience reported by the patient. |
| Syndrome | A collection or group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific condition. |
| Prodrome | Early symptoms that indicate the onset of a disease before the full condition appears. |
| Intervention | A measure or action taken to prevent, treat, or manage a disease or condition. |
| Conventional Medicine | Mainstream diagnostic procedures and interventions commonly taught in medical schools and used in hospitals and clinics. |
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) | Therapeutic concepts, diagnostic procedures, and treatments not commonly considered part of conventional medicine. |
| Integrative Medicine | An approach to patient care that combines conventional and complementary medicine. |
| Etiology | The cause or origin of a disease or disorder. |
| Congenital | A condition or anomaly present at birth. |
| Acquired | A condition that develops after birth due to infection, injury, lifestyle, or environmental factors. |
| Iatrogenic | A disease or condition caused by medical treatment or intervention. |
| Idiopathic | A disease of unknown cause. |
| Pathogenesis | The sequence of events and mechanisms by which a disease develops and progresses. |
| Localized | Affecting a specific, limited area of the body. |
| Systemic | Affecting the entire body or multiple organs. |
| Acute | A disease with rapid onset and short duration. |
| Chronic | A disease that develops gradually and has a long duration. |
| Exacerbation | A worsening or flare-up of symptoms in a chronic disease. |
| Latent | A state of chronic disease in which no clinical signs are currently evident. |
| Complications | Additional health problems or adverse outcomes arising from a disease or its treatment. |
| Risk Factors | Conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease. |
| Comorbidity | The presence of two or more co-existing diseases or conditions in an individual; having more than one disease at the same time. |
| Mortality | The condition of death. |
| Abbreviation | A shortened form of a word or phrase. |
| Acronym | An abbreviation formed from initial letters and pronounced as a word. |
| Eponym | A disease, syndrome, method, or structure named after a person. |
| Cellular Adaptation | Changes in cell structure or function in response to stress or environmental changes. |
| Hypertrophy | An increase in cell size due to increased demand or stimulation. |
| Hyperplasia | An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. |
| Atrophy | A decrease in cell size or number of previously developed tissues resulting from disuse or decreased workload. |
| Metaplasia | A reversible transformation of one cell type into another. |
| Dysplasia | Abnormal growth or development of cells, tissues, or organs. |
| Agenesis | Complete failure of a tissue, organ, or body part to develop during embryonic growth; missing entirely |
| Aplasia | Failure of a tissue, organ, or body part to develop beyond its most basic embryonic form; present, but underdeveloped. |
| Hypoplasia | A congenital deficiency in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. |
| Neoplasia | New, abnormal, and uncontrolled growth in the number of cells, such as in a tumour. |
| Hypotrophy | A deficiency of cell size due to arrested development. |
| Lesion | A detrimental local change in tissue that may be microscopic or observable. |
| Inflammation | A complex immune response triggered by harmful stimuli or tissue injury. |
| Necrosis | Uncontrolled cell death caused by severe injury or disease. |
| Apoptosis | Controlled, programmed cell death. |
