| A | B |
|---|
| Blood | Specialized connective tissue composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. |
| Morphology | Study of the shape and form of cells. |
| Anisocytosis | Condition in which cells are unequal in size. |
| Hypochromia | Reduced cell color due to deficiency of hemoglobin. |
| Macrocytosis | Condition in which cells are abnormally large. |
| Microcytosis | Condition in which cells are abnormally small. |
| Poikilocytosis | Condition in which cells are irregularly shaped. |
| Erythropenia | Deficiency of red blood cells. |
| Leukopenia | Deficiency of white blood cells. |
| Neutropenia | Deficiency of neutrophils. |
| Thrombocytopenia | Deficiency of platelets. |
| Pallor | Paleness caused by reduced amount of oxygen or erythrocytes. |
| Cyanosis | Bluish discoloration caused by reduced oxygen in the blood. |
| Necrosis | Death of tissue due to inadequate blood flow. |
| Contusion | Hemorrhage and accumulation of blood under the skin; bruise |
| Petechiae | Pinpoint bruises smaller than 2 mm. |
| Purpura | Bruises between 2 mm and 10 mm. |
| Ecchymoses | Large bruises greater than 10 mm. |
| Hematoma | Collection of blood or clots outside blood vessels. |
| Anemia | Condition caused by lack of erythrocytes or hemoglobin. |
| Hemochromatosis | Condition in which the body absorbs and stores too much iron in the liver, heart and pancreas. |
| Polycythemia Vera | Overproduction of red blood cells causing blood to become very viscous (thickened). |
| Hemophilia | Genetic lack of clotting factors causing prolonged bleeding. |
| Leukemia | Malignancy of bone marrow producing immature, nonfunctional leukocytes. |
| Mononucleosis | Viral disease that produces an increased number of atypical lymphocytes; caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). |
| Hypertension (HTN) | High blood pressure. |
| Hypotension | Low blood pressure. |
| Arteriosclerosis | Abnormal hardening, thickening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls. |
| Atherosclerosis | Arteriosclerosis caused by fatty plaque buildup in the inner lining of arteries. |
| Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) | Atherosclerosis affecting arteries supplying blood to the extremities. |
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Atherosclerosis affecting arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle. |
| Thrombosis | Formation of a clot inside a blood vessel that obstructs normal blood flow. |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Thrombosis occurring in deep veins, usually in the legs. |
| Embolism | Sudden blockage caused by material traveling through the bloodstream. |
| Varicose Veins | Bulging enlarged superficial veins caused by weakened vein walls or valves. |
| Aneurysm | Localized widening or bulging of an arterial wall due to weakness or hypertension. |
| Raynaud Disease | Spasm of small arteries triggered by cold or emotional stress. |
| Arrhythmia / Dysrhythmia | Abnormal or irregular heartbeat. |
| Tachycardia | Fast heart rate. |
| Bradycardia | Slow heart rate. |
| Fibrillation | Disorganized, rapid electrical activity of the heart chambers |
| Palpitations | Sensation of racing or irregular heartbeat. |
| Heart Murmur | Abnormal sound heard as blood moves through the heart. |
| Angina | Chest pain caused by temporary disruption of blood flow to the heart that goes away with rest. |
| Congenital Abnormalities | Heart abnormalities present at birth. |
| Septal Defects | Openings in the wall separating heart chambers. |
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) | Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth. |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | Combination of four congenital heart defects. |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) | Failure of the mitral valve to close properly |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | Death of heart muscle caused by blocked blood flow that deprives the muscle of oxygen. |
| Ischemia | Lack of oxygen due to restricted blood flow. |
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) | Long-term condition in which the heart weakens, leading to fluid buildup. |
| Auscultation | Listening to body or heart sounds with a stethoscope. |
| Phlebotomy | Drawing blood from veins. |
| Venipuncture | Procedure of drawing blood from a vein. |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | Laboratory test determining number of blood cells and hemoglobin concentration. |
| Hematocrit (Hct) | Percentage of erythrocytes in a blood sample. |
| Prothrombin Time (PT) | Test measuring how long it takes blood to clot. |
| Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) | Test measuring blood clotting factors. |
| International Normalized Ratio (INR) | Blood clotting test; ratio comparing patient Prothrombin Time to standard Prothrombin Time. |
| Lipid Assessment | Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood. |
| Cardiac Enzymes | Enzymes released when heart muscle is damaged. |
| Angiography | Diagnostic imaging test using xrays and contrast material to image blood vessels and look for narrowing or blockages. |
| Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) | Recording of electricity flowing through the heart. |
| Holter Monitor | Portable ECG device worn over a prolonged period to detect arrhythmias. |
| Stress Test / Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT) | ECG performed while the heart is stressed by exercise. |
| Nuclear Cardiac Stress Test | Stress imaging using radioactive tracers. |
| Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) | Imaging showing blood flow in and around the heart. |
| Echocardiography (ECHO) | Ultrasound imaging of heart showing structure and movement. |
| Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) | Echocardiography performed through the esophagus. |
| MUGA Scan | Imaging test measuring ventricular function and ejection fraction. |
| Ejection Fraction | Percentage of blood pumped from the left ventricle with each beat. |
| Antiarrhythmics | Drugs used to regulate heart rhythm. |
| Anticoagulants | Drugs that decrease blood clotting ability. |
| Antiplatelet Agents | Drugs preventing platelets from sticking together. |
| Antihypertensives | Drugs used to lower blood pressure. |
| Antihyperlipidemics | Drugs used to lower cholesterol. |
| Apheresis | Separation and removal of blood components. |
| Blood Transfusion | Infusion of donor blood or blood cells. |
| Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) | Transfer of hematopoietic stem cells to repopulate bone marrow. |
| Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) | Angioplasty procedure using a balloon catheter to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. |
| Angioplasty | Procedure repairing narrowed or blocked blood vessels. |
| Stent | Wire mesh tube placed to keep an artery open. |
| Atherectomy | Procedure that cuts away hardened fatty plaque buildup from a vessel wall. |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) | Procedure that involves harvesting blood vessels from other body areas to create alternate blood flow routes around blocked coronary arteries. |
| Defibrillation | Delivering an electrical shock to the heart to stop a dangerous cardiac arrhythmia |
| Cardioversion | Low-energy defibrillation used to correct arrhythmias. |
| Implantable Pacemaker | Device implanted to regulate heart rate and rhythm. |
| Valvuloplasty | Repair or replacement of a faulty heart valve. |
