| A | B |
|---|
| Erectile Dysfunction (ED) | Persistent or recurring inability to achieve or maintain an erection. |
| Gynecomastia | Benign increase in the amount of breast tissue in males due to hormonal changes or medications. |
| Oligospermia | Low sperm count in semen. |
| Asthenospermia | Poor sperm motility or difficulty swimming. |
| Azoospermia | Absence of sperm in semen. |
| Aspermia | Absence of semen or ejaculate due to blockage or retrograde ejaculation. |
| Retrograde Ejaculation | Condition in which semenenters the bladder instead of exiting through the urethra. |
| Teratospermia | Abnormal sperm shape that impairs fertilization. |
| Testicular Torsion | Twisting of the testis and spermatic cord that blocks blood flow, causing sudden severe pain and swelling. |
| Hydrocele | Collection of fluid around the testis causing swelling of the scrotum. |
| Varicocele | Collection of enlarged, dilated veins in the scrotum. |
| Cryptorchidism | Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum through the inguinal canal. |
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland due to overgrowth of cells; leads to urinary frequency, hesitancy, and retention. |
| Prostatitis | Inflammation of the prostate that may result from bacterial infection or be idiopathic; causes urinary difficulties. |
| Hypospadias | Congenital abnormality in which the urethral meatus is on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. |
| Epispadias | Congenital abnormality in which the urethral meatus is on the top of the penis instead of at the tip. |
| Paraspadias | Congenital abnormality in which the urethral meatus is on the side of the penis instead of at the tip. |
| Priapism | Prolonged, often painful erection lasting more than four hours and not related to sexual arousal. |
| Phimosis | Narrowing of the prepuce opening that prevents retraction in adolescent or adult males. |
| Balanitis | Infection or inflammation of the glans penis. |
| Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) | Infections spread through sexual or genital contact and sometimes from pregnancy to fetus or newborn. |
| Chlamydia | Common bacterial STI that is often asymptomatic and may cause dysuria, abnormal discharge, or testicular pain. |
| Gonorrhea | Bacterial STI that may cause dysuria, discharge, testicular pain, or pelvic pain. |
| Syphilis | Bacterial STI passed through contact with a chancre and progressing through stages of rash and potential damage to the nervous system and heart if untreated. |
| Chancre | Sore associated with primary syphilis. |
| Genital Herpes | STI caused by herpes simplex virus producing painful genital blisters or ulcers on the genital area; has recurring outbreaks. |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) | Virus usually responsible for genital herpes. |
| Genital Warts | Visible warts in the genital region caused by human papillomavirus. |
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | Virus family that can cause genital warts and high-risk cancers. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Virus that weakens the immune system and can progress to AIDS without treatment. |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Advanced stage of HIV infection causing severe immune weakness. |
| Prostate-Specific Antigen Test (PSA) | Blood test measuring antigen produced by the prostate; elevated levels may indicate enlargement or cancer. |
| Semen Analysis | Microscopic examination of semen to count sperm cells and assess shape and motility. |
| Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) | Examination in which a finger is inserted into the rectum to feel for abnormalities of the rectum, anus, and prostate. |
| Transrectal Ultrasound | Ultrasound used to evaluate the prostate through the rectum. |
| Vasectomy | Bilateral surgical removal of a small section of the vas deferens followed by ligation. |
| Ligation | Tying off of a structure. |
| Sterility | Inability to reproduce. |
| Circumcision | Surgical removal of the prepuce of the penis. |
| Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) | Removal of prostate tissue through the urethra using a resectoscope. |
| Resectoscope | Instrument inserted through the urethra to remove excess prostate tissue. |
| Prostatectomy | Surgical removal of the prostate gland. |
