| A | B |
|---|
| Dysmenorrhea | Severe, frequent cramping during menstruation. |
| Amenorrhea | Absence of a menstrual period. |
| Primary Amenorrhea | Condition in which menstruation and puberty do not begin by age 16. |
| Secondary Amenorrhea | Condition in which previously regular periods stop for at least three months. |
| Oligomenorrhea | Infrequent or irregular periods occuring more than 35 days apart. |
| Menorrhagia | Very heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding due to hormonal imbalance or anovulation. |
| Metrorrhagia | Abnormal bleeding between menstrual periods. |
| Infertility | Inability to become pregnant after at least one year of trying to conceive. |
| Dyspareunia | Genital pain during or after sexual intercourse. |
| Galactorrhea | Production of a milky nipple discharge not associated with breastfeeding. |
| Ovarian Cysts | Fluid-filled sacs that form when the follicle fails to release an egg. |
| Anovulation | Failure to release an egg. |
| Ovarian Torsion | Twisting of the ovary that may occur with ovarian cysts. |
| Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) | Idiopathic imbalance in estrogen, androgens, and insulin leading to cysts, irregular periods, and infertility. |
| Hirsutism | Abnormal hair growth. |
| Endometriosis | Chronic condition in which tissue that acts like endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. |
| Uterine Fibroids / Leiomyomas | Benign tumours of fibrous and muscle tissue that form in the uterine wall. |
| Cervical Dysplasia / CIN | Presence of abnormal cells in the cervix caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) | Inflammation of female reproductive organs due to infection, especially STIs. |
| Vaginal Candidiasis | Yeast infection; Inflammation of the vulva and vagina caused by Candida albicans. |
| Vesicovaginal Fistula | Abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina causing urinary incontinence. |
| Ectopic Pregnancy | Pregnancy in which a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube |
| Preeclampsia | Condition developing after 20 weeks gestation with hypertension, proteinuria, swelling and headaches. |
| Eclampsia | Severe complication of preeclampsia involving seizures. |
| Abruptio Placentae / Placental Abruption | Placenta detaches partially or completely from the uterine wall before delivery. |
| Placenta Previa | Placenta covers all or part of the cervix in late pregnancy. |
| Abortion (AB) | Interruption of pregnancy that may be spontaneous or induced. |
| Miscarriage | Spontaneous abortion. |
| Dystocia | Difficult or abnormally slow labour. |
| Breech Presentation | Fetus positioned with buttocks or feet entering the pelvis first. |
| External Cephalic Version | Procedure used to reposition a breech fetus. |
| Prematurity | Birth prior to 37 weeks gestation. |
| Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) | Respiratory disorder mainly affecting premature infants whose lungs are not fully developed. |
| Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) | Condition resulting from maternal antibodies destroying fetal red blood cells due to blood incompatibility |
| Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) | Condition in which a fetus inhales meconium and amniotic fluid before or during birth. |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | Inherited enzyme deficiency preventing the breakdown of phenylalanine |
| Pap Test | Microscopic examination of cervical cells for dysplasia. |
| HPV Screening | Sampling and testing cervical cells for high-risk HPV. |
| Cone Biopsy | Removal of a cone-shaped wedge of abnormal cervical tissue. |
| Conization | Removal of cone-shaped cervical tissue. |
| Pregnancy Test (hCG) | Blood test measuring human chorionic gonadotropin. |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) | Hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. |
| Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) | Blood test detecting fetal DNA in maternal circulation; screens for chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21. |
| Trisomy 21 | Chromosomal abnormality associated with Down syndrome. |
| Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) | Prenatal test sampling placental tissue for genetic abnormalities. |
| Amniocentesis (AC) | Prenatal test that evaluates fetal DNA in amniotic fluid after 15 weeks' gestation |
| Hysterosalpingography (HSG) | X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes using contrast dye. |
| Mammography | Low-energy X-ray imaging of the breast. |
| Colposcopy | Diagnostic procedure that uses a magnifying instrument (colposcope) to closely examine the cervix and vagina after abnormal Pap or HPV results |
| Colposcope | Instrument used during colposcopy. |
| Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS)/ Transabdominal Ultrasound (TAUS) | Ultrasound performed through the vagina or abdomen; used to evaluate internal organs and monitor pregnancy. |
| Hormonal Drugs | Medications that mimic or replace natural hormones. |
| Contraceptives | Hormonal drugs preventing ovulation and implantation. |
| Infertility Drugs | Drugs stimulating egg maturation and ovulation. |
| Menopause Hormone Therapy (HT) | Hormone replacement used to relieve menopause symptoms. |
| Antimycotic | Medication used to treat fungal infections. |
| Rh Immune Globulin (RhIG) | Antibodies administered to Rh-negative pregnant individuals. |
| Mastectomy | Surgical removal of the breast. |
| Intrauterine Device (IUD) | Device inserted into the uterus for contraception. |
| Tubal Ligation | Surgical closure of the fallopian tubes. |
| Hysterectomy | Surgical removal of all or part of the uterus. |
| Total Hysterectomy | Removal of the entire uterus including the cervix. |
| Subtotal/Partial Hysterectomy | Removal of the body and fundus of the uterus while leaving the cervix. |
| Radical Hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus, cervix, superior vagina, and nearby lymph nodes. |
| Salpingo-oophorectomy | Surgical removal of the fallopian tube and ovary. |
| Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) | Removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries. |
| Myomectomy | Surgical removal of fibroids from the uterine wall. |
| Endometrial Ablation | Destruction of the uterine lining to treat abnormal bleeding. |
| Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) | Infertility treatment involving placement of sperm into the uterus. |
| In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) | Procedure in which an egg is fertilized outside the body and implanted into the uterus. |
| Caesarean Section (C-section) | Delivery of a baby through abdominal and uterine incisions. |
| Dilation and Curettage (D&C) | Removal of endometrial tissue for biopsy or treatment. |
