| A | B |
|---|
| Pain | Frequent neurological symptom that may indicate irritation or injury of nerves or surrounding tissues. |
| Neuropathy | Pain, tingling, or burning caused by nerve damage, often in the hands or feet. |
| Cephalalgia | Pain in the head, scalp, or neck; headache. |
| Neuralgia | Sharp, shooting pain that follows the path of a nerve. |
| Consciousness | State of wakefulness or awareness in which a person can respond to stimuli. |
| Confusion | Disorientation, bewilderment, and difficulty following commands. |
| Lethargy | Severe drowsiness in which the patient can be aroused by moderate stimuli but drifts back to sleep. |
| Stupor | State in which arousal occurs only with vigorous repeated stimuli. |
| Coma | State of deep unconsciousness from which a person cannot be awakened. |
| Syncope | Temporary loss of consciousness caused by reduced blood flow to the brain. |
| Paresthesia | Abnormal sensations such as tingling, prickling, or pins and needles. |
| Bradykinesia | Slowed movement due to a neurological disorder. |
| Akinesia | Absence or loss of voluntary movement. |
| Hyperkinesia | Excessive or abnormal involuntary movements. |
| Tremor | Involuntary rhythmic shaking. |
| Tic | Sudden repetitive movement or vocalization that is not rhythmic. |
| Dystonia | Sustained involuntary contractions of muscles. |
| Chorea | Brief irregular rapid involuntary movements. |
| Paresis | Partial loss of muscle strength. |
| Monoparesis | Weakness affecting one limb. |
| Hemiparesis | Weakness affecting one side (half) of the body. |
| Plegia | Complete loss of voluntary muscle movement. |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side of the body. |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis of the lower half of the body. |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of all four limbs. |
| Aphasia | Loss of the ability to understand or formulate language due to a brain injury. |
| Apraxia | Difficulty performing learned purposeful movements despite normal strength and coordination. |
| Ataxia | Loss of voluntary coordination affecting balance and gait. |
| Seizure | Sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. |
| Hydrocephalus | Congenital condition caused by abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain. |
| Spina Bifida | Neural tube defect in which the vertebrae do not fuse completely, sometimes exposing the spinal cord. |
| Alzheimer Disease | Progressive atrophy of brain tissue causing dementia and memory loss. |
| Dementia | Decline in memory, cognition, and functional abilities. |
| Parkinson Disease | Degenerative neurological condition caused by loss of dopamine-producing neurons; causes tremor, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia. |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | Progressive motor neuron disease leading to degeneration of voluntary muscle control causing muscle weakness (including of respiratory muscles), atrophy, and paralysis. |
| Huntington Disease | Hereditary neurodegenerative disorder causing chorea, mood changes, and cognitive decline; usually appears in midlife. |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Autoimmune disorder characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS. |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Autoimmune disorder that impairs communication between nerves and voluntary muscles, causing fatigue and muscle weakness. |
| Tourette Syndrome | Neurological disorder causing repetitive involuntary movements or vocal tics. |
| Cerebral Palsy (CP) | Non-progressive motor disorder caused by irregular brain development or injury around the time of birth. |
| Bell's Palsy | Sudden weakness or paralysis of facial muscles caused by viral infection or inflammation of the facial nerve. |
| Epilepsy | Chronic condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. |
| Generalized Seizures | Seizures involving both sides of the brain; may include tonic-clonic movements. |
| Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | Damage to the brain caused by blows, bumps, or jolts to the head. |
| Cerebral Concussion / mTBI | Temporary brain dysfunction after a blow to the head. |
| Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) | Degenerative condition associated with repeated concussions. |
| Cerebral Contusion | Bruising and bleeding of brain tissue often associated with skull fracture or severe trauma. |
| Hematoma | Collection of blood within the skull or brain tissue due to trauma. |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) / Stroke | Sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain leading to cell death. |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | Stroke (CVA) caused by rupture of a blood vessel. |
| Ischemic Stroke | Stroke (CVA) caused by a clot or plaque blocking a brain artery. |
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | Temporary blockage of a cerebral artery causing brief neurological symptoms. |
| Migraine | Severe recurrent headache often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light or sound. |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of brain tissue. |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
| Radiculopathy | Pinched nerve root causing pain, numbness, or weakness radiated along the nerve pathway. |
| Peripheral Neuropathy | Damage to peripheral nerves causing pain, tingling, or weakness. |
| Lumbar Puncture (LP) | Procedure using a needle inserted into the lower spine to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. |
| Cerebral Angiography | Imaging of cerebral blood vessels using contrast dye. |
| Electroencephalography (EEG) | Measurement of electrical activity in the brain; can be used to detect seizures. |
| Electromyography (EMG) | Measurement of muscle response to nerve stimulation. |
| Analgesic | Medication that relieves pain. |
| NSAIDs | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
| Opioids | Strong pain-relieving medications. |
| Anesthesia | Condition of no nervous sensation |
| Anesthetic | Drug that blocks sensation during procedures. |
| Local Anesthetic | Medication injected near a procedure site to block sensation. |
| Sedation | Use of medication to make the patient relaxed and drowsy. |
| Regional Anesthetic | Medication blocking sensation to a region of the body. |
| General Anesthetic | Medication that blocks sensation and induces unconsciousness during surgery. |
| Sedative | Drug that calms nervous activity and reduces agitation. |
| Hypnotic | Medication that promotes sleep. |
| Anticonvulsant | Medication used to control seizures. |
| Craniotomy | Surgical opening of the skull. |
| Laminectomy | Surgical removal of part of a vertebra. |
| Shunt Placement | Surgical insertion of a tube to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) | Use of implanted electrodes to deliver electrical impulses and control abnormal movements. |
| Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) | Use of low-voltage electrical currents to modify pain perception. |
| Physical Therapy | Rehabilitation method restoring mobility, strength, and range of motion. |
| Occupational Therapy | Therapy helping individuals regain ability to perform daily living skills after neurological injury. |
| Speech Therapy | Therapy used for aphasia, apraxia, and speech difficulties. |
| Intracranial Pressure (ICP) | Pressure within the skull. |
| Radiculitis | Inflammation of a nerve root. |
| Encephalocele | Hernia of the brain. |
| Myelogram | Record or image of the spinal cord. |
| Neuroplasty | Surgical repair of a nerve. |
| Dysphasia | Condition of impaired (bad) speech. |
| Polyneuritis | Inflammation of many nerves. |
| Neurasthenia | Lack of strength in nerves |
