| A | B |
|---|
| Arthralgia | Joint pain caused by injury, inflammation, or degeneration. |
| Effusion | Accumulation of fluid within a joint causing swelling. |
| Stiffness | Reduced range of motion in a joint. |
| Misalignment | Abnormal positioning of bones within a joint. |
| Contracture | Permanent tightening of muscles or tendons around a joint restricting movement. |
| Kyphosis | Exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine. |
| Lordosis | Excessive inward curvature of the cervical or lumbar spine. |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine. |
| Spondylosis | Degenerative changes involving intervertebral discs and joints of the spine. |
| Herniated Disk | Protrusion of an intervertebral disk compressing a nerve. |
| Spondylolysis | Stress fracture in a vertebra. |
| Spondylolisthesis | Shifting or slipping of a weakened vertebra out of place. |
| Spinal Stenosis | Narrowing of the spinal canal causing pain and nerve compression. |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of one or more joints. |
| Gout | Arthritis caused by uric acid crystal accumulation. |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | Chronic inflammation of the spine leading to stiffness and possible fusion. |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Autoimmune disorder that causes chronic synovial inflammation and joint deformity in large and small joints |
| Osteoarthritis | Degenerative joint disease involving cartilage breakdown and bone spurs. |
| Lyme Disease | Tick-borne bacterial infection that may cause joint pain and a bull's eye rash |
| Dislocation (Luxation) | Complete displacement of a bone from its joint position. |
| Hallux Valgus (Bunion) | Deformity caused by pressure on the big toe that pushes it towards the other toes |
| Repetitive Strain Injury | Overuse injury affecting muscles, tendons, or joints. |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of a bursa. |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | Compression of the median nerve at the wrist. |
| Tendinitis | Inflammation of a tendon due to overuse. |
| Ganglion Cyst | Fluid-filled lump near a tendon sheath or joint. |
| Plantar Fasciitis | Inflammation of the tissue on the bottom of the foot causing heel pain. |
| Sprain | Stretching or tearing of ligaments. |
| Strain | Overstretching or tearing of muscles or tendons. |
| Spasm | Sudden involuntary muscle contraction. |
| Muscular Dystrophy | Inherited disorder causing progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. |
| Torticollis (Wry neck) | Involuntary neck muscle contraction causing head tilt. |
| Fibromyalgia | Chronic disorder causing widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and tender points. |
| Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) | Congenital clubfoot deformity; causes foot to twist inward and downward. |
| Rheumatoid Factor | Blood test detecting antibodies linked to rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | Test measuring systemic inflammation; useful in arthritis diagnosis |
| C-Reactive Protein | Inflammatory blood marker. |
| Arthrography | Imaging of a joint using contrast dye to visualize soft tissues. |
| Arthroscopy | Minimally invasive joint examination and repair. |
| Electromyography | Test evaluating electrical activity in muscles. |
| Anti-inflammatory drugs | Drugs used to reduce pain, swelling, and stiffness in musculoskeletal disorders |
| Muscle Relaxants | Drugs used to relieve muscle spasms. |
| Physical Therapy | Exercises and manual techniques used to restore strength and range of motion |
| Arthrocentesis | Aspiration of fluid from a joint. |
| Arthroplasty | Surgical replacement of damaged joints to restore mobility |
