| A | B |
|---|
| Fatigue | Common symptom of endocrine disorders due to hormonal imbalance. |
| Weight Change | Unintentional weight gain or loss associated with endocrine disorders. |
| Temperature Intolerance | Difficulty tolerating heat or cold due to altered metabolism. |
| Hirsutism | Excessive hair growth caused by hormonal imbalance. |
| Polyuria | Excessive urination commonly seen in endocrine dysfunction. |
| Polydipsia | Excessive thirst. |
| Hypercalcemia | Excess blood calcium. |
| Hypocalcemia | Deficient blood calcium; associated with tingling, muscle spasms and brittle nails. |
| Hypernatremia | Excess blood sodium; may cause seizures and severe confusion. |
| Hyponatremia | Deficient blood sodium. |
| Hyperkalemia | Excess blood potassium; can cause abnormal heart rhythms and muscle weakness. |
| Hypokalemia | Deficient blood potassium. |
| Pituitary Adenoma | Benign pituitary tumor that may alter hormone secretion. |
| Gigantism | Excess growth hormone in childhood causing excessive height. |
| Acromegaly | Excess growth hormone in adulthood causing enlarged hands, feet, and face. |
| Hypopituitary Dwarfism | Growth hormone deficiency causing short stature with normal body proportions. |
| Diabetes Insipidus | ADH deficiency causing polyuria, polydipsia, and dehydration. |
| Hyperthyroidism | Overproduction of thyroid hormone causing increased metabolism. |
| Graves Disease | Autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism. |
| Goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid gland. |
| Exophthalmos | Forward bulging of the eyes associated with thyroid disease. |
| Thyrotoxicosis | Acute severe hyperthyroidism; thyroid storm; signs include fever and tachycardia. |
| Hypothyroidism | Deficient thyroid hormone production; causes fatigue, weight gain, and bradycardia |
| Hashimoto Thyroiditis | Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid causing hypothyroidism. |
| Myxedema | Theick. mucus-like swelling associated with severe hypothyroidism. |
| Hyperparathyroidism | Excess PTH causing hypercalcemia and bone loss. |
| Hypoparathyroidism | Low PTH causing hypocalcemia. |
| Tetany | Involuntary muscle contractions caused by low calcium. |
| Adrenal Virilism | Excess adrenal androgens causing masculinization in females. |
| Cushing Syndrome | Excess cortisol causing characteristic metabolic changes; causes rounded face and thin extremities. |
| Addison Disease | Adrenal cortex insufficiency causing fatigue, hyperpigmentation. and hypotension. |
| Pheochromocytoma | Adrenal medulla tumor producing excess epinephrine and norepinephrine; causes hypertension, sweating and palpitations |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Disorder involving impaired insulin secretion or resistance. |
| Type 1 Diabetes | Autoimmune beta-cell destruction causing insulin deficiency; usually appears before age 30. |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Insulin resistance with insulin still present. |
| Gestational Diabetes | Pregnancy-related insulin resistance. |
| Hyperglycemia | Elevated blood glucose due to insufficient insulin. |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Ketone buildup causing blood to become more acidic; can occur in type 1 diabetes. |
| Hypoglycemia | Low blood glucose causing sweating and confusion. |
| Insulin Shock | Severe hypoglycemia causing loss of consciousness. |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Complication of diabetes involving eye capillary damage and vision loss. |
| Diabetic Nephropathy | Diabetic complication that inolves kidney damage due to high pressure in the glomeruli |
| Diabetic Neuropathy | Nerve damage causing loss of sensation and weakness. |
| Hypogonadism | Condition resulting from reduced testosterone or estrogen production. |
| Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) | Test that measures metabolic markers including glucose, sodium and creatinine |
| Glucometer | Fingerstick device for measuring blood glucose. |
| Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) | Device that provides continuous monitoring or blood glucose throughout the day |
| Fasting Glucose | Blood glucose test performed after fasting. |
| HbA1c | Measures average blood glucose over about three months. |
| Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) | Test that measures glucose levels after drinking a standardized glucose solution; commonly used to diagnose diabetes, especially gestational diabetes. |
| Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test (RAIU) | Test to evaluate thyroid activity using a radioactive tracer |
| Thyroid Ultrasound | Test using sound waves to detect thyroid nodules or enlargement |
| Hormone Replacement Therapy | Treatment replacing deficient hormones. |
| Oral Hypoglycemics | Type 2 diabetes medications. |
| GLP-1 Agonists | Drugs that improve insulin secretion and support weight loss. |
| Electrolyte Management | Correction of electrolyte deficiencies. |
| Radioactive Iodine Therapy | Treatment used to shrink thyroid tissue in hyperthyroidism to reduce thyroid activity. |
| Thyroidectomy | Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid. |
| Hypophysectomy | Surgical removal of pituitary tissue or tumor. |
