| A | B |
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| Jamestown | was the first permanent English settlement in North America, founded on May 14, 1607, |
| salutary neglect | an unofficial British policy, relaxed the strict enforcement of trade laws and parliamentary rules in the American colonies. Britain used this hands-off approach so the colonies would stay loyal and economically profitable while freeing Britain to focus on European affairs |
| indentured servitude | a system of labor where a person signs a contract to work for an employer without a salary for a set number of years. |
| Chattel System | is a system where one person has total legal ownership of another person as personal property. Under this system, human beings can be bought, sold, traded, and inherited just like livestock or inanimate goods. |
| House of Burgesses | was the first elected law-making body in English North America. It met in Virginia starting on July 30, 1619 |
| Bacon's Rebellion | 1676–1677 armed uprising in colonial Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor Sir William Berkeley. Sparked by frontier disputes with Native Americans, low tobacco prices, and high taxes, the revolt united poor farmers, indentured servants, and enslaved people who burned Jamestown to the ground |
| Head right system | a 1618 land policy in Jamestown, Virginia. It gave 50 acres of land to settlers for every person whose ocean boat ticket they paid |
| Puritans | wanting to "purify" the Church of England of remaining Catholic traditions. |
| Plymouth | he first permanent English settlement in New England, founded in December 1620 |
| Mayflower Compact | he first written framework of government in the United States. Forty-one male passengers signed it on November 21, set up selg governing |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | considered the first written constitution in North America, it established a self-governing colony based on the free consent of the people rather than authority from the British Crown |
| Massacre at Mystic | English colonists from Connecticut and their Native allies (the Mohegan and Narragansett) burned a fortified Pequot village near the Mystic River, killing 400 to 700 men, women, and children |
| Salem Witch Trials | from 1692 to 1693, where more than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft, leading to 20 executions. |
| Triangle Trade | connected Europe, West Africa, and the Americas. Ships carried manufactured goods to Africa, enslaved people across the Atlantic, and raw farm goods back to Europe |
| Middle passage | the forced sea voyage that carried millions of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century. It was the middle leg of the triangular trade system linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
| Quakers | a member of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian movement founded in 17th-century England by George Fox. |
| Navigation Acts | a series of English laws passed starting in 1651 that restricted colonial trade and shipping to English ships |
| Ohio River Valley | where competing French fur traders, British land speculators, and sovereign Native American nations violently vied for territorial and economic dominance |
| French and Indian War | (1754–1763) was a North American conflict between Great Britain and France, alongside their respective Indigenous allies |
| Albany Plan of Union | a 1754 proposal to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies. Suggested by Benjamin Franklin |
| Rogers Rangers | an elite provincial light infantry unit established by Robert Rogers during the French and Indian War. they pioneered unconventional guerrilla tactics, long-range reconnaissance, and winter warfare, serving as the chief scouting arm for the British. |
| Treaty of Paris (1763) | signed on February 10, 1763, by Great Britain, France, and Spain. |
| Pontiac’s Rebellion | (1763–1766), also called Pontiac's War, was an armed conflict launched by a joint group of Native American tribes against British rule in the Great Lakes and Ohio River regions |
| Proclamation Line of 1763 | a imaginary boundary drawn by the British along the Appalachian Mountains. King George III made this rule on October 7, 1763. It stopped colonists from moving onto land west of the mountains and ordered settlers already there to move back east |
| Paxton Boys | a group of Scots-Irish frontier settlers from Pennsylvania who formed a vigilante mob in 1763. Driven by fear and anger during Pontiac's War, they brutally murdered 20 peaceful, Christianized Conestoga (Susquehannock) Indians and later marched on Philadelphia to protest the colonial government's lack of frontier defense |
| Carolina Regulator Movement | was a large citizen uprising in the 1760s and 1770s. Backcountry settlers fought against local government corruption, high taxes, and unfair fees. It happened in both North Carolina and South Carolina, |
