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| Currency Acts 1764 | a law passed by the British Parliament on April 19, 1764, that banned the American colonies from printing new paper money and declared current paper bills invalid as legal tender for public and private debts. This act protected British merchants from being paid in unstable colonial currency. |
| Sugar Act 1764 | was a direct tax passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. It required American colonists to pay a tax on printed paper goods—including legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing card |
| Stamp Act 1765 | was a direct tax passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. It required American colonists to pay a tax on printed paper goods—including legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing card |
| Stamp Act Congress | was a meeting held in New York City from October 7 to 25, 1765. Delegates from nine of the thirteen American colonies gathered to form a unified protest against the British Parliament's Stamp Act, which taxed printed paper goods. It marked the first joint colonial action against British taxation |
| Declaratory Act 1766 | a law passed by the British Parliament on March 18, 1766. It stated that Parliament had total power and authority to make laws for the American colonies "in all cases whatsoever |
| Townshend Acts 1767 | placed taxes on imported goods like glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea in the American colonies. The laws aimed to raise money, pay royal officials, and assert British authority |
| Boston Massacre 1770 | was a deadly riot on March 5, 1770, on King Street in Boston. British soldiers fired into an angry crowd of colonists who were throwing snowballs, ice, and rocks |
| Committees of Correspondence | was a deadly riot on March 5, 1770, on King Street in Boston. British soldiers fired into an angry crowd of colonists who were throwing snowballs, ice, and rocks |
| The Tea Act 1773 | The British Parliament passed the Tea Act on May 10, 1773. It let the British East India Company sell tea directly to the American colonies. This law aimed to save the struggling company, cut tea prices, and stop illegal smuggling, but it kept a tax on tea |
| Boston Tea Party | lonists dressed as Native Americans boarded British ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbo |
| Intolerable Acts 1774 | was a deadly riot on March 5, 1770, on King Street in Boston. British soldiers fired into an angry crowd of colonists who were throwing snowballs, ice, and rocks |
| Boston Port Act | was a punitive law passed by the British Parliament on March 31, 1774. It closed Boston Harbor to all trade and shipping as punishment for the Boston Tea Party. |
| Massachusetts Govt. Act | a law passed by the British Parliament on May 20, 1774. It revoked the Massachusetts Charter of 1691, ended local self-government, and gave sweeping powers to the royal governor |
| Administration of Justice Act | May 20, 1774, to protect royal officials and troops enforcing British law.May 20, 1774, to protect royal officials and troops enforcing British law.. |
| Quebec Act | was a law passed by the British Parliament to set up a government for Quebec and secure the loyalty of its French-Canadian residents. It protected the Catholic Church, restored French civil law, and expanded the territory into the Ohio River Valley, which angered the Thirteen Colonies |
| Quartering Act | was a law passed by the British Parliament that required American colonists to provide housing, food, and supplies for British troops |
| Lexington and Concord | April 19, 1775, were the first military conflicts of the American Revolutionary War. British troops marched from Boston to Concord to seize colonial weapons, but forewarned Patriot minutemen met them, sparking an open armed rebellion and a British retreat |
| Minutemen | civilian colonist in the American Revolutionary War who pledged to be ready to fight the British "at a minute's notice" |
| “Common Sense” | refers to the influential 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine and published on January 10, 1776. It used plain, direct language to argue that the Thirteen Colonies should declare absolute independence from Great Britain. |
| Olive Branch Petition | was a final attempt by the Second Continental Congress to avoid full-scale war with Great Britain. Adopted on July 5, 1775 and signed on July 8, 1775, the document affirmed colonial loyalty to King George III while asking him to address colonial grievances. |
| Declaration of Independence | is the historic document adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, announcing that the 13 American colonies were free and independent states no longer under British rule |
| Articles of confederation | were the first written constitution of the United States, in effect from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789. They created a loose alliance of 13 independent states with a very weak central government that lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or enforce laws |
