| A | B |
|---|
| Converting mg/dL to SI Units (mmol/L) Multiply mg/dL by 10 to get mg/L | then divide by atomic weight in mg/mmol. Formula: (mg/dL × 10) / Atomic Weight. |
| Converting mEq/L to mg/dL First calculate milliequivalent weight (Atomic Weight / Valence) | multiply by mEq/L to get mg/L |
| Dilution Formula (C1V1 = C2V2) C1 × V1 = C2 × V2 | where C1 = stock concentration |
| pH Formula for a Strong Acid pH = -log[H+]. Example: If [H+] = 2.5 × 10^-2 M | pH = -log(0.025) = 1.6. |
| pH Formula for a Strong Base Calculate pOH = -log[OH-] | then pH = 14 - pOH. Example: If [OH-] = 1.5 × 10^-5 M |
| Significant Figures Rules for Zeros Zeros to the left of non-zero digits are not significant (e.g. | 0.060 M has 2 sig figs). Trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant. |
| Beer-Lambert Law Equation Cu = (Au / As) × Cs | where Cu = concentration of unknown |
| Gaussian Distribution QC Confidence Limits 68.3% of values fall within ±1s | 95.4% within ±2s |
| Random Error (RE) Definition & Causes Unpredictable error affecting precision. Caused by bubbles | temperature spikes |
| Systematic Error (SE) Definition & Causes Predictable error affecting accuracy in one direction. Caused by reagent decay | bad calibration |
| Individualized Quality Control Plan (IQCP) CLIA QC option based on risk management. Evaluates risk of testing error across preanalytical | analytical |
| Linear Regression Equation (ŷ = mx + b) ŷ = mx + b; where slope (m) represents proportional error | and y-intercept (b) represents constant error in method evaluation. |
| Total Analytical Error (TE) Formula Total Error = Bias + 2s (or Bias + 1.96s) | combining both systematic bias and random variability to evaluate CLIA acceptability. |
