| A | B |
|---|
| petrologist | person who studies rocks |
| igneous rocks | come from magma or lava |
| sediments | small pieces of rocks, dirt and sand |
| sedimentary rocks | come from packed-together dirt and sand |
| metamorphic rocks | have been remelted by coming close to magma |
| rock cycle | continuous changing of rocks from one type to another |
| intrusive rocks | have cooled below (in) the earth's crust |
| extrusive rocks | have cooled on (out) the earth's crust |
| coarse-grained igneous rock | cooled slowly |
| fine-grained igneous rock | cooled quickly |
| granite | a common coarse-grained igneous rock |
| intrusions | formations of cooled magma below (in) the earth's surface |
| extrusions | lava cooled on the earth's surface |
| compaction | turning sediments to stone because of the weight of the layers above them |
| cementation | turning sediments into rock by joining them together with the minerals dissolved in water |
| clastic rocks | are formed from broken pieces |
| organic rocks | are formed from material that was once living |
| evaporites | rocks made from minerals left behind when water evaporates away, like halite and stalactites |
| metamorphism | changing rock by extreme pressure and/or heat |
| contact metamorphism | changing rocks by coming into contact with magma or lava |
| regional metamorphism | changing of rocks by being buried over large areas, and getting heated and under pressure |
| foliated | metamorphic crystals are arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| slate | a common metamorphic fine-grained rock |
| unfoliated | metamorphic rocks without layers or bands |
| sandstone | a common sedimentary rock |
