| A | B |
|---|
| byzantine empire | lasted 1000 years |
| middle ages | 500-1500 AD |
| middle ages were once called | the dark ages |
| a middle ages advance | parliamentary government |
| most prominent early middle ages art form | illuminated manuscripts |
| middle ages can also be called | the age of faith |
| only stable institution in western Europe in the middle ages | church |
| common people were often preoccupied with | life after death |
| middle ages divided into three periods | early, romanesque, gothic |
| the period after the fall of Rome was marked by | conflict |
| Carolingian dynasty | rule of Charlemagne |
| Carolignian dynasty lasted | 150 years |
| Charlemagne also known as | Charles the Great |
| Charlemagne crowned | 800 AD |
| Charlemagne's domain included old Roman empire except | Britain, Spain, southern Italy, and Africa |
| Charlemagne encouraged | learning and the arts |
| Charlemagne's most important achievement | preservation of ancient manuscripts |
| Charlemagne's form of governement led to | feudalism |
| feudalism is defined as | weak noblemen gave up their lands and much of their freedom for protection |
| serfs | poor peasants who did not have land |
| serfs worked | the land for noblemen |
| serfs lived | in small villages |
| cloister | covered walkway surrounding an open court or garden |
| transept | aisle that cut directly across the long, wide center aisle and the side aisles |
| nave | a long, wide center aisle |
| monasticism | individuals gather together to spend their days and nights in prayer and self-denial |
| medieval church builders used ________ models | Roman |
| early medieval churches commonly used the _____________plan | basilica |
| the basilica plan was often altered to include | a nave and 2 or more side aisles, occasionally towers |
| windows above the _________ lit the church from above | nave |
| As in the early Christian church the basilica plan | had an apse at the opposite end of the entrance |
| An altar | was placed in the apse |
| looking from above, the crossing of the transept and the nave represented | a cross |
| This led to destruction of many early churches by fire | the structure was made from timber |
| monk | religiously devout man who lived in a remote community under strict rules |
| a reason for the age of monasticism | the church had become too worldly |
| the cloister was generally attached to | the side of the church |
| Before the printing press, all books were | copied by hand |
| illuminations | ornate manuscript paintings or illustrations |
| colors used in illuminations | all, including gold and silver leaf |
| monks generally copied books in only this language | latin |
| example of a Romance language | French |
| A motif in the illustrations of the gospels was | small paintings of the four evangelists |
| manuscript symbol for Matthew | angel |
| manuscript symbol for Mark | lion |
| manuscript symbol for Luke | bull |
| manuscript symbol for John | eagle |
| most people of the medieval period could not _________ | read |
| sculpture of the medieval period became | increasingly important, especially in churches to illustrate biblical stories |
| medieval art is highly | symbolic |
| romanesque period | first major style of the medieval period |
| feudal system was at its peak during the _________ period | romanesque |
| feudal system contributed to constant | disputes |
| castles were fortified because | warfare went unchecked |
| characteristics of Romanesque castles | towers, moats, walls, and drawbridges |
| romanesque castles were not | built for comfort but for defense |
| romanesque castles had few windows because | they were hard to defend |
| tapestries | wall hangings that were woven, painted, or embroidered (decoration and insulation) |
| European _________ began to grow during the Romanesque period | cities |
| The most prominent archtectural feature of the Romanesque period is | the Romanesque church proliferation |
| pilgrimage | journey to a holy place |
| tympanum | half-round panel above a lintel under an arch (often above a door) |
| capital | top of a column |
| parchment/vellum | material made from the underbelly skin of a calf, kid, or lamb |
| gospel | one of the first four books of the new testament of the Christian bible |
| Bayeux Tapestry | represented the Battle of Hastings |
| Battle of Hastings | when William the Conqueror took England; battle began 10/14/1066 |
| William the Conqueror | AKA: William of Normandy |
