| A | B |
|---|
| sociobiology | Is the study of the biological basis of human behavior. |
| sanctions | Are rewards and punishments used to encourage desired behaviors. |
| real culture | Actual behavior patterns of the members of a group are ________________. |
| beliefs | Are the ideas about the nature of reality. |
| society | A specific territory composed of people who share a common culture. |
| laws | Formally defined norms enforced by officials. |
| mores | Norms with moral dimensions. |
| subculture | A group that belong to the larger culture but differs from it in some significant way. |
| ethnocentrism | Judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards. |
| informal sanctions | Rewards and punishments that can be applied by most members of a group. |
| culture | Consists of the knowledge, language, values, customs and physical objects that are passed on from generation to generation among members of a group. |
| instincts | Genetically inherited patterns of behavior |
| reflexes | Simple, biologically inherited, automatic reactions to physical stimuli. |
| drives | Impulses to reduce comfort. |
| symbols | things that stand for or represent something else. |
| hypothesis of linguistic relativity | Theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely upon language. |
| norms | Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior. |
| folkways | Norms that lack moral significance. |
| taboo | A norm so strong that its violation demands punishment by the group. |
| formal sanctions | Sanctions that may be applied only by officially designated person, such as judges and teachers. |
| values | Broad ideas about what most people in a society consider to be desirable. |
| nonmaterial culture | Involves beliefs, ideas and knowledge that influence people's behavior. |
| material culture | The concrete, tangible objects of a culture. |
| ideal culture | cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept. |
| real culture | actual behavior patterns of members of a group. |
| social categories | groupings of persons who share a social characteristic |
| subculture | A group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects |
| counterculture | A subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture. |
| xenocentrism | When someone loves another culture more than their own. |
| cultural universals | Traits that exist in all cultures. |
| cultural particulars | The ways in which a culture expresses universal traits. |
| Chinatown in New York City | subculture |
| motorcycle gang | counterculture |
| Catholics | social category |
| females | social category |
| revolutionary political group | counterculture |
| the super poor | social category or subculture |
| Norm against cursing aloud in chruch | Mores |
| Norm encouraging eating three meals daily | Folkway |
| Idea of progress | Value |
| Norm against burning a national flag | More or Law |
| Norm encouraging sleeping in a bed | Folkway |
| Norm prohibiting murder. | Law |
| Norm against overtime parking | Law |
| Idea of Freedom | Value |
| Eye blinking in dust storm | Reflex |
| Need for sleep | Drives |
| Reaction to a loud noise | Impulse |
| socialism | Creation of culture |
| reproduction | drive |
