| A | B |
|---|
| majority rule | political doctrine that choices are made by more than half of the members of a group. |
| establishment clause | the part of Amendment I that prohibits the central government from setting up an official church |
| free exercise clause | the part of Amendment I that protects the right of individuals to believe as they wish |
| clear and present danger | a phrase, used to establish criterion for the protection of the individual's right to speak weighed against society's right to protection |
| dangerous tendency | a phrase used to determine if words used are of such a nature that they could have a tendency to bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a duty to prevent |
| libel | a written or published untruthful statement, picture, and so forth, intended to damage a person's reputation or bring ridicule and disgrace |
| censorship | the curbing of ideas in speech or in writing before they are expressed |
| injunction | a court order ordering a person or group to do or refrain from doing something |
| ordinance | rule or law made by authority, expecially one adopted and enforced by a municipal or other local authority |
| due process of law | the whole course of legal measures which, regularly carried out according to established rules, serve to protect a person and his or her interests |
| warrant | a court order |
| exclusionary rule | a rule of law that says all evidence obtained in an illegal search is inadmissible in a criminal trial |
| miranda warnings | the constitutional rights a person must be informed of at the time of arrest |
| acquittal | finding a defendant not guilty |
| grand jury | a jury whose duty it is to hear preliminary evidence against the accused and determine if that evidence is sufficient to legally charge the accused with a crime |
| indictment | formal charges of a crime |
| bail | guarantee of money necessary to release a person under arrest from jail or prison until a trial is held |
| verdict | the decision of a jury |
| subpoena | an official written order commanding a person to appear in a court of law |
| self-incrimination | giving testimony against oneself |
| immunity | a witness will not be punished for giving self-incriminating information |
| civil rights | rights that all people are entitiled to that are guaranteed by the Constitution |
| black codes | laws passed in some southern states after the Civil War limiting the rights of freed slaves |
| segregate | separate or keep apart from others |
| federalize | the act of broadening or interpreting federal laws so they apply to the states |
