| A | B |
|---|
| What is selective breeding? | allowing only those animals with desired chracteristics to produce the next generation. |
| What is Hybridization? | crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms. |
| Inbreeding is... | The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics because of this, there is always a chance that a cross between two individual will bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect. |
| Increasing variation is.... | Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a population by including mutations, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability. |
| What is polypoid? | cells that have double or triple the normal number of chromosomes. |
| Genetic engineering is... | making changes in the DNA code of a living organism. |
| What is DNA extraction? | the cells are opened and the DNA is separated form the other cell parts. |
| What is the function of restriction enzymes? | to cut the DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides. |
| What is Gel electrophoresis? | a mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of a porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel. When power is turned on, DNA molecules, which are negatively charged, move toward the positive end of the gel. The smaller the fragment, the faster it moves. |
| What is Recombinant DNA? | DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources. |
| What is Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? | Technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene, during transformation, a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell. This external DNA becomes a part f the cell's DNA. |
| Plasmid is.... | circular DNA molecule found in bactria. |
| What is Genetic marker? | a gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid (and the forgein DNA) from those that don't |
| Transgenetic organisms.... | contain genes from other organisms. |
| What is clone? | A member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell. |
| What is genetic engineering? | making changes in the DNA code of an organism |
| To increase variation... | breeders can induce mutations which are the ultimate source of genetic variability |
| To increase variation... | breeders can increase mutation rate by using radiation and chemicals |
| The goal to increase variation is to... | produce mutations with desirable characteristics that are not found in the original population |
| Cutting DNA is when scientists..... | use a specific restriction enzyme (each one cuts at a specific sequence of nucleotides) |
| The polymerase chain reaction (PCR).... | makes copies of a particular gene |
| Transgenic micoroorganisms such as bacteria are... | transformed with the genes for human proteins now produce these compounds cheaply and in great abundance (Ex: insulin, growth hormone) |
| Transgenic animals... | livestock with extra growth hormone genes grow faster and produce meat that is less fatty |
| Transgenic animals... | like chickens that will be resistant to bacterial infections that may cause food poisoning |
| Transgenic plants... | contain genes that produce a natural insecticide or resist weed killing chemicals |
