| A | B |
|---|
| carbon | Organic compounds all contain this compound |
| hydrolysis | Process of breaking down organic compounds by adding water |
| Macromolecules | Large molecule chains of carbon are called |
| carbohydrate | One type of macromolecule that includes sugar and starch |
| lipid | One type of macromolecule that includes fats and oils |
| protein | One type of macromolecule that includes enzymes |
| nucleic acids | One type of macromolecule that includes DNA and RNA |
| hemoglobin | Oxygen carrying protein in blood |
| protiens | These play a role in muscle contraction, digestion, blood clotting, etc. |
| amino acids | Proteins are made up of combinations of these. |
| 20 | Number of different amino acids |
| carboxyl | Each amino acid has a __________group and a amino group |
| amino | Each amino acid has a __________group and a carboxyl group |
| R | The only difference between amino acids is the ________group |
| Dehydration synthesis | Process that joins amino acids |
| peptide bond | Name of the bond that joins 2 amino acids together |
| dipeptide | When two amino acids are joined it forms a _______________molecule |
| polypeptide | When many A.A. join together, they form a _____________chain |
| insulin | An example of a polypeptide chain |
| insulin | Protein that helps the body absorb sugar |
| 300 to 3000 | Most proteins contain ___________ amino acids |
| how the peptide chains connect | The shape of the protein is determined by _______________. |
| hair or silk | Peptide chains that are long and thin would produce _____________ |
| hemoglobin | Peptide chains that are globular would produce _______________ |
| muscles | Peptide chains that are folded would produce ______________ |
| enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells |
| catalysts | Enzymes act as _____________ |
| catalysts | Something that speeds up a reaction without being used up itself. |
| lower temperature | Enzymes allow reaction to take place at ____________in the cell |
| specific | Enzymes are very _________ in that they only speed up 1 type of reaction |
| substrate | The substance that the enzyme reacts with |
| metabolic | Enzymes that fight disease and build new cells |
| metabolic | Enzymes that are responsible for every chemical reaction in the body |
| Digestive | Enzymes that digest food to be absorbed by small intestine |
| amalayse | Salivary Glands produce ____________ |
| protease | The stomach produces __________ |
| lipase | The pancreas produces ____________ |
| amalyse | This enzyme breaks down carbohydrates |
| protease | This enzyme breaks down protein |
| lipase | This enzyme breaks down fat |
| catalase | This enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen |
| food | Enzymes that are present in raw food |
| cooking | This destroys food enzymes |
| food enzyme concept | This describes a need to keep metabolic and digestive enzymes balanced |
| lock and key | This type of reaction involves an enzyme matching the substrate |
| induced fit | This reaction involves an enzyme changing to fit with substrate |
| nucleotides | Nucleic acids are long chains made of smaller units called |
| 4 | Each nucleic acid is made of _______types of nucleotides |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | Nucleic acid that determines what an organism looks like |
| Ribonucleic acid | Nucleic acidthat performs many function, such as building proteins |
| work | Cells are like machines, they do _________ |
| sun | The major source of energy |
| photosynthesis | Process where green plants capture sunlight and form glucose |
| photosynthesis | This reaction changes radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy |
| Respiration | Process where glucose is broken down and energy is released |
| autotrophs | organisms that can produce their own food |
| heterotrophs | Organisms that cannot produce their own food. |
| unstable | Type of compound that breaks down easily |
| metabolism | Term for the sum of all chemical processes |
| ATP | The major source of energy for cells and all living things |
| mitochondria | Organelle that breaks down glucose |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | ATP |
| Adenosine Diphosphate | ADP |
| cristae | ATP is broken down by enzymes in the ________of the mitochondria |
| 22 | Number of enzymes involved in the breakdown of glucose |
| oxidation | Energy from glucose is released by ____________ |
| oxidation | Process by which oxygen is added to glucose in order to break it down. |
