| A | B |
|---|
| technology | using science to solve problems |
| Industrial Revolution | a change in the way work is done |
| mechanical reaper | machine for cutting grain |
| thresher | machine for separating seeds from straw |
| drill | machine for planting seeds |
| enclosure movement | fencing in farmland to raise sheep for their wool |
| textile | cloth |
| flying shuttle | invented by John Kay; made weaving quicker |
| spinning jenny | invented by James Hargreaves; made yarn more quickly |
| spinning frame | invented by Richard Arkwright; used water power to make yarn |
| power loom | invented by Edmund Cartwright; used water power to weave cloth |
| factory | building where goods are manufactured |
| cotton gin | invented by Eli Whitney; separated the seeds from cotton quickly |
| steam engine | improved by James Watt; aided transportation through ships and trains |
| smelt | to separate impurities from metal |
| Abraham Darby (father and son) | used coal to smelt iron |
| Henry Bessemer | discovered a way to produce steel cheaply and plentifully |
| Samuel Morse | developed Morse code for his telegraph |
| Alexander Graham Bell | invented the telephone through working with deaf children |
| factory system | bringing machines, raw materials, and workers together under one roof |
| tenements | run-down buildings with small apartments |
| France | did not embrace the IR due to war |
| Germany | did not embrace the IR due to disunity |
| Belgium | embraced the IR because of coal and commerce |
| capitalism | investing some money to make more money in return |
| socialism | sharing the nation's wealth will all its citizens |
| Adam Smith | supported capitalism; wrote Wealth of Nations |
| Robert Owen | socialist who believed employers and workers could cooperate |
| Karl Marx | socialist who believed workers and employers could never cooperate |
| labor union | group of workers who attempts to improve wages and working conditions |
