| A | B |
|---|
| squire | apprentice to a knight |
| page | noble boy sent to live with lord, to begin training as knight |
| armor | metal worn to protect the body |
| heraldy | colors, patterns worn to identify knights |
| vassal | places himself under the protection of a more powerful person |
| medieval | 500 - 1500 AD, Middle Ages |
| feudalism | loyalty given for protection |
| noble | person of high birth- king, lords, knights |
| knight | warrior on horseback |
| fief | land given to by lord to vassal for military service |
| manor | large medieval farm or estate |
| peasant | small farmer or farm worker |
| freeman | peasant who could move to another manor |
| serf | peasant who belonged to the manor |
| pilgrimage | journey to a holy place |
| tribute | payment given to ruler as a tax or for protection |
| chivalry | knights' code of conduct |
| apprentice | person learning a trade |
| common law | unwritten, based on customs, usage, decisions of courts |
| Crusade | Christian war to retake holy land |
| divine right | belief kings received their powers from God |
| explorer | searches for new things and places |
| castle | large fortress, home to lord |
| chapel | place of worship in a home or castle |
| mason | stone, brick worker |
| smith | metal worker |
| guild | organization of craft or tradesmen |
| monarchy | government headed by king |
| monastery | place where monks live |
| siege | an ememy surrounding and attempting to capture a city or fortress |
| Justinian Code | written collection of Roman law |
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor who preserved Roman law |
| Greek fire | Bysantine secret weapon used to fend off Muslim invaders |
| Constantinople | capital of Eastern Roman Empire, fell in 1453 AD |
| Byzantium | city rebuilt to become Constantinople |
| Istanbul | Today's name for Constantinople |
| Charlemagne | ruler of Holy Roman Empire, 800 AD |
| Song of Roland | epic poem tells of Charlemagne's greatest |
| Vikings | sea rovers |
| Leif Ericson | Viking, probably 1st European to discover North America |
| Savage invasions helped to end Holy Roman Empire | Vikings |
| moat | water filled trench around castle |
| dungeon | small, dark prison, underground |
