| A | B |
|---|
| Caliph | successor to the prophet Muhammad who acted as both religious and political leader mad who acted as both religious and political leader |
| Bushido | the way of the warrior; during the feudal period in Japan, a code of conduct for samurai, stressing obedience to one's lord |
| Daimyo | powerful warrior knights directly below the shogun, in Japan during the feudal period |
| Mosque | meeting place where Muslims assemble to pray |
| Hijra | Mohammed's journey from Mecca to Medina |
| Koran (Qu'ran) | Holy book for the Islam religion |
| Kaaba | The most sacred shrine to Muslims, in the city of Mecca |
| Bedouin | Desert nomad |
| Hajj | Once in a lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca during which Muslims dress in all white and circle the Kaaba and go to Arafat |
| Jihad | A religious struggle in defense of the Islamic religion which can be but isn't always a holy war |
| Arabian Nights | Stories told by Shahrezade to leave King Shahriyar in suspense, to keep him from killing her. |
| Almsgiving | A term for any gifts to the poor |
| Muslim | A follower of the Islamic religion |
| Ramadan | The 9th month of the Muslim year when Muslims cannot eat during the day |
| Samurai | warrior knights of Japan during the feudal period |
| Boyars | Russia's landowning nobles who fought to control Ivan at age 16. |
| Cyrillic alphabet | an alphabet for the writing of Slavic languages devised in the 9th century A.D. by saints Cyril and Methodius. |
| Excommunication | being kicked out of the Christian church and no longer being able to receive sacraments. |
| Feudalism | a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king in exchange for their loyalty. |
| Hagia Sophia | The most famous church in Constantinople, built by order of Byzantine emperor Justinian. |
| Justinian's code | reform Roman laws, used for over 900 years over 5,000 Romans laws were formed includes a section called "The Digest" which provided explanations of the laws. |
| Patriarch | a principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity |
| Icon | a religious image used by eastern Christians. |
| Iconoclast | one of the Eastern Christians who destroyed religious images in churches during the 8th and 9th centuries. |
| Justinian's Code | reform Roman Laws, used for over 900 years over 5,000 Roman laws were formed includes a section called, "The Digest" which provided explanations of the laws. |
| Schism | official split of Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox church. |
| Seppuku | Samurai's ritual killing of themselves because "loss of face." |
