| A | B |
|---|
| polyerase chain reaction (PCR) | A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro |
| DNA ligase | An enzyme that permanently seals together DNA fragments that have complementary sticky ends. |
| DNA polymerase | Enzyme used to make multiple copies of genes in PCR |
| restriction endonuclease | Enzyme used to produce RFLPs |
| gel electrophoresis | A technique used to separate nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of their size and electrical charge |
| probe | A labeled single-stranded nucleic acid molecule used to tag a specific nucleotide sequence in a nucleid acid sample |
| antisense nucleic acids | Nucleic acids designed to silence gene expression |
| cell differentiation | The functional and structural specialization of cells into ones that do different jobs |
| morphogenesis | 3D organization of specialized cells into groups of cells |
| induction | The process by which signal molecules from embryonic cells cause transcriptional changes in nearby cells |
| pattern formation | The development of a spatial organization of tissues and organs |
| totipotent | Cells that retain the zygote's potential to form all parts of the mature organism |
| cytoplasmic determinants | Maternal substances (usually mRNA and proteins) that regulate expression of genes that affect the developmental fate of cells |
| apoptosis | Programmed cell death |
| genomic equivalence | Genomes of all or most of the somatic cells within a multicellular organism are essentially the same |
| homeotic genes | Genes that control the overall body plan of animals by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells |
| homeobox | A 180-nucleotide sequence within a homeotic gene encoding for a homeodomain |
| homeodomain | Codes for proteins that serve as transcription factors that influence interactions critical to transcriptional regulation |
