| A | B |
|---|
| Beliefs | ideas or conceptions that people hold about what should exist or what actually does exist in a particular social situation or context |
| Counterculture | a subculture deliberately and conciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture |
| Cultural Particulars | a value, norm or other cultural trait that is specific to one culture |
| Cultural Universals | a value, norm or other cultural trait that is found in every group |
| Culture | knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by members of a society |
| Drives | impulse to reduce discomfort |
| Ethnocentrism | judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards |
| Folkways | norms that lack moral significance |
| Formal Sanctions | sanctions imposed by persons given special authority |
| Ideal Culture | cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept |
| Informal Sanctions | rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group |
| Instincts | innate patterns of behavior |
| Law | a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials |
| Material Culture | the concrete tangible objects of a culture |
| Mores | norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society |
| Nonmaterial Culture | ideas, knowledge and beliefs that influence people's behavior |
| Norms | rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior |
| Real Culture | actual behavior patterns of members of a group |
| Reflexes | automatic reaction to physical stimulus |
| Sanctions | rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms |
| Social Categories | groupings of persons who share a social characteristic |
| Society | a specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture |
| Sociobiology | the study of the biological basis of human behavior |
| Subculture | a group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects |
| Symbols | a thing that stands for or represents something else |
| Taboo | a rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment |
| Values | broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society |
| Cultural Relativism | the recognition that the values, beliefs, and other systems of symbols and patterns of behavior of a culture and society must be assessed in their own terms |
