| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | only 1 parent, offspring is identical to parent |
| sexual reproduction | 2 parents, offspring is a blend of both parents |
| sexual | meiosis is required to produce a male & female sex cell for _ _ _ _ _ _ reproduction |
| interphase | the 1st stage of mitosis |
| prophase | the 2nd stage of mitosis |
| metaphase | the 3rd phase of mitosis |
| anaphase | the 4th phase of mitosis |
| telophase | the LAST phase of mitosis |
| eggs & sperm | What is formed by meiosis? |
| daughter cells | What is formed by mitosis? |
| reduced by 1/2 | in meiosis the chromosomes are _______. |
| daughter cells | What are identical to the original body cells? |
| sex cells | meiosis forms _ _ _ cells. |
| testes | What organ produces sperm cells? |
| ovaries | What organ produces egg cells? |
| zygote | Another name for a fertilized egg is _ _ _ _ _ _ . |
| unite | The egg & sperm _ _ _ _ _ in sexual reproduction. |
| fertilization | Cells from 2 parents combine at the time of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . |
| dominant | allele that can cover up another allele; represented by a capital letter |
| gene | a segement of DNA that codes for a specific trait |
| xy | genotype for a male |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| chromosones | composed of genes |
| trait | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes |
| recessive | a trait that is only expressed in the homozygous form |
| dominant allele | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when it is present |
| hybrid | an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait or is heterozygous for a particular trait |
| karyotype | a picture of all the chromosones in a cell arranged in pairs |
| genotype | an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
| recessive allele | an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
| xx | genotype for a female |
| heterozygous or hybrid | having 2 different alleles for a trait, a dominant and a recessive allele |
| heredity | passing of traits from one generation to the next |
| Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| meiosis | the process that occurs in sex cellls by which the number of chromosones is reduced by half |
| alleles | different forms of a gene |
| phenotype | describes the appearance of a trait |
| Gregor Mendel | father of genetics |
| genetics | the science of heredity |
| homozygous or pure | having 2 identical alleles for a trait |
| genotype | alleles that describe the genes of an organism |
| recessive trait | will only show up if the organism does not have the dominant allele |
| DNA | the "double helix" that makes up the genes and contains the heredity information of the cell |
| adaptations | special traits that enable an organism to survive in its environment |
| body cells | cells that play no direct part in fertilization |
| dominant character | inherited trait that overshadows the recessive trait and keeps it from showing in a hybrid |
| flagellum | the whiplike tail that forms on a sperm cell, enabling it to move |
| incomplete dominance | blending inheritance; appearance of offspring is a mixture of the parents' contrasting traits |
| recessive character | inherited trait that is overshadowed by a dominant trait and is kept from showing in a hybrid |
| reduction division | cell division in which each new cell receives one-half the species number of chromosomes; occurs during formation of sex cells |
| species number | number of chromosomes characteristic of the body cells of a species |
| variations | differences that exist among all organisms of the same species |
