| A | B |
|---|
| inflation | rising prices |
| Fair Deal | Truman's 21 point program of reforms |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | former WWII general that was elected president in 1952, when Truman chose not to run again (Democrat) |
| birth rate | number of children being born relative to the total population |
| baby boom | refers to the 1950s when the population grew by 29 million. |
| productivity | the average output per worker |
| standard of living | an index based on the amount of goods, services, and leisure time people have |
| affluence | wealth |
| suburbs | communities outside the cities |
| Interstate Highway Act | called for a network of highspeed roads linking the nation, which cost more than $250 billion. |
| Elvis Presley | one of the greatest rock 'n' roll stars in the 1950s and years that followed |
| beatnicks | term created by writer, Jacj Kerouac, refers to people that challenged mainstream America |
| segregation | strict separation of the races |
| integration | the mixing of different ethnic groups. Pres. Truman ordered it it the armed forces in 1948 |
| NAACP | conducted voter registration drives and fought against discrimination in housing and employment. |
| Thurgood Marshall | led the Legal Defense and the Education Fund for the NAACP |
| Civil Rights Movement | during the 1950s, African Americans, Latinos, and others stepped up the struggle for equality |
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas | Supreme Court case that reversed Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal was fair), and now made forced segregation illegal |
| Hernandez v. Texas | the Supreme Court ended the exclusion of Mexican Americans from Texas jury lists |
| boycott | refuse to use |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | Baptist minister that was extremely influential in the struggle to end discriniation towards African Americans in the 1960s |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | after Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her bus seat to a white person she was arrested, King led a successful one year bus boycot. |
| civil disobedience | nonviolent against unjust laws |
| Mohandas Gandhi | a lawyer and spiritual man who led a successful nonviolent movement against British rule in India |
| SCLC | group that consisted of nearly 100 black ministers with King as president and Ralph Abernathy as treasurer, urged African Americans to fight injustice by using civil disobedience |
| John F. Kennedy | first Irish Catholic president, 1960 (Democrat) WWII hero |
| Warren Commission | led the investigation regarding the assassination of JFK, and concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, even though evidence may have proved otherwise |
| Medicare | plan in which the government helped pay the hospital bills of citizens over age 65 |
| Medicaid | states gave money to help poor people of all ages with their medical bills |
| counterculture | people that rejected traditional customs and ideas |
| "silent majority" | people that were disturbed by the unrest of the 1960s |
| Neil Armstrong | first person to step onto the moon (1969) |
| stagflation | a combination of rising prices, high unemployment, and slow economic growth |
| deficits | the government spent more money than it received in revenues |
| Watergate Affair | President Nixon had made secret tape recordings of conversations in his office regarding his knowledge of the Republican break ins into the Democratic headquarters located in the Watergate Hotel |
| Helsinki Agreement | 35 nations pledged to respect basic rights such as religious freedom and freedom of thought |
| sit-in | a form of protest in which people sit and refuse to leave |
| Freedom Riders | people that rode buses from town to town throughout the South, trying to integrate bus terminals |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | protected the right of all citizens to vote and outlawed discrimination in hiring and ended segregation in public places |
| Voting Rights Act | ended literacy tests that had prevented most African Americans from voting |
| Black Panthers | radical group that urged African Americans to arm themselves and be prepared to fight back if necessary. |
| affirmative action | programs set up to hire and promote minorities |
| National Organization for Women (NOW) | organization that worked for equal rights for women in jobs, pay, and education |
| migrant workers | Mexican Americans that traveled from farm to farm looking for work |
| Cezar Chavez | he formed a migrant workers' union, the United Farm Workers |
| Voting Rights Act of 1975 | law that required areas with large numbers of non-English-speaking citizens to hold bilingual elections |
| Asian American Political Alliance | students of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and other Asian descent worked together to promote the rights and cultural heritage of Asian Americans |
| American Indian Movement | actively protested the treatment of Indians, they occupied Wounded Knee, South Dakota for several weeks in protest |
