| A | B |
| underground | secret, generally illegal movement or organization determined to overthrow the existing government |
| provisional government | temporary government established between legal or elected governments, especially in a time of crisis |
| soviet | term used for a government council, especially in the Soviet Union |
| proletariate | the working class |
| gulag | forced-labor camp in Siberia or elsewhere in the Soviet Union |
| Czar Alexander II | freed serfs |
| zar Nicholas II | created the Duma |
| Duma | representative lawmaking body |
| Bolsheviks | most extreme Marxists |
| fascism | political philosophy calling for the glorification of the state, a single-party system with a strong ruler, and aggressive nationalism |
| corporate state | political system combining politics with the economy, especially in Mussolini's Italy |
| scapegoat | a person, group, or thing wrongfully blamed for mistakes or crimes of others |
| genocide | attempt to wipe out an entire religious group or race |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian dictator |
| Weimer Republic | democratic German government established at end of World War I |
| National Socialist Party | Nazi Party |
| Mein Kampf | Hitler's book expressing his ideas |
| Gestapo | German secret police force |
| totalitarian government | government in which one leader or party has total political control |
| Spanish Civil War | conflct between Fascists and Loyalists |
| Spanish republic | established after king was forced into exile |
| Loyalists | fought for the Spanish republic |
| International Brigade | foreigners who fought for Spanish republic |
| Francisco Franco | dictator of Spain |