| A | B |
|---|
| sucrose | 1,2-glycosidic bond |
| glucose | blood sugar |
| chitin | n-acetylglucosamine |
| chitin | exoskeleton of arthropod shells |
| cellulose | beta 1,4-glycosidic bonds |
| lactose | galactose and glucose |
| lectin, pectin and lignin | support carbohydrates for cell wall formation |
| amylopectin | 1,6-glycosidic bond chain every 30 subunits |
| amylose | alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds |
| glycogen | animal starch |
| glycogen | 1,6-glycosidic bond every 10 subunits |
| lactose | milk sugar |
| amylopectin | constitutes 80% of stored plant energy |
| hyaleuronic acid | mucopolysaccharide in vitreous humor and joint bursa sacs |
| Cn(H2)nOn | empirical formula for monosaccharides |
| Cn((H2)n-2)On-1 | empirical formula for disaccharides |
| isomerism | same molecular formula but different structural formulas |
| amylose | 20% of stored plant starch |
| phospholipid | forms cell membranes |
| fat | solid at RT |
| cholesterol | precursor molecule for Vitamin D and sex hormones |
| cholesterol | 3, 6-C rings, 1, 5-C ring with hydrophobic functional group |
| oil | 1 or more unsaturated fatty acids attached to glycerol by ester bond |
| lipids | grouped by insolubility in water |
| dehydrogenation | formation of double bonds by removing hydrogen atoms from fatty acids |
| waxes | consist of >16-C fatty acid chain and alcohol other than glycerol |
| waxes | protect eardrums of mammals; forms protective coating on plant leaves |
| fats | provide insulation and cushion, long term food storage |
| oils | protects skin and hair from dessication; can contain scent molecules to attract members of opposite sex |
| zwitterion | formation of charged amino acid to buffer cell and body fluids from pH changes |
| carboxyl group | acts as a proton donor |
| amino group | acts as a proton acceptor |
| primary sequence | determines protein shape and function |
| enzymes | act as catalysts in biochemical reactions |
| quaternary structure | two or more polypeptides joined together to form a true protein |
| fibrous proteins | include elastin, keratin; insoluble in water, form connections |
| hemoglobin | chromaprotein and metalloprotein |
| secondary structure | alpha helix or beta pleated sheet |
| tertiary structure | forms a glob shape with unique architecture |
| active site | region of protein where it can join to reactive site |
| nucleotide | ribose or deoxyribose, nitrogen base and phosphate group |
| DNA | forms a double helix shape |
| RNA | single stranded |
| DNA | contains the genetic blueprint for an organism |
| RNA | working copy of DNA; provides code for the primary amino acid sequence |
| DNA nucleotides | A, T, C, G |
| RNA nucleotides | A, U, C, G |
| genes | individual sets of DNA nucleotides that code for a protein |
