| A | B |
|---|
| Seven Years' War | 1756-63; battles in Europe, Asia,a nd Americas |
| intendant | gov't. agent who collected taxes and administered justice |
| Louis XIV | "I am the state." reign began at age 5 in France, known as the Sun King |
| Edict of Nantes | 1598, allowed limited religious freedom in France |
| Peter the Great | reformer in Russia, promoted westernization |
| Charles I | forced to sign Petition of Right, overthrown in English Civil War |
| habeas corbus | right to see a judge if imprisoned |
| Frederick the Great | ruler of Prussia, well-educated, fought with Maria Theresa |
| Thirty Years' War | 1618-1648, conflict over religion, territory, power among European ruling families |
| Cardinal Richelieu | strong minister under Louis XIII, virtually ruled in his place |
| divine right | idea that God created monarchies and monarch was God's representatve on Earth |
| boyars | Russia's landowning nobles |
| English Civil War | Charles I overthrown by Oliver Cromwell |
| Glorious Revolution | overthrown of James II, William and Mary took the throne |
| Maria Theresa | Hapsburg ruler, faced years of war with Prussia |
| War of Spanish Succession | Spain and France vs. everyone else, 1701-1713 |
| skepiticism | idea that nothing can be known for certain |
| absolute monarch | ruler that retains all power within their borders |
| Ivan the Terrible | First Czar of Russia |
| Oliver Cromwell | led Puritans to victory in English Civil War, ruled England 1646-1658 |
| constitutional monarchy | monarch's power limited by written document |
| Peace of Westphalia (1648) | ended the 30 Years' War, weakened Austria and strengthened France and German princes |
| Jean Baptiste Colbert | Louis XIV's finance minister; believed in mercantilism |
| Henry IV | converted to Catholicism, saying, "Paris is well worth a mass." |
| Philip II | inherited Spain and the Netherlands from Charles V of Spain |
| westernization | reform movement in Russia using Europe as a model |
| restoration | when Charles II took back the throne in England when Oliver Cromwell died |
| cabinet | group of government ministers who advise the ruler |
