| A | B |
|---|
| developing countries | poor countries which are improving |
| humanitarian | care for the people |
| gap | space which separates |
| obvious | easy to understand |
| abundance | plenty of things |
| revolution | violent change of government |
| upheaval | life turned upside down |
| per capita GNPs | amount produced by each person |
| scaling | put in order |
| enormous | large, heavy and solid |
| negative rates of growth | minus growth, getting worse |
| growing gap | widening difference |
| plight | difficult situation, in trouble |
| major obstacle | great difficulty, can't go on |
| crude birth-rate | live births per thousand |
| fertile | good for growing - vegetables |
| extensively | very wide |
| incentive | make you want to do it |
| life expectancy | the length of time you may live |
| ZPG | zero population growth |
| disrupt | disturb your activity |
| hinders | block or stop progress |
| agricultural projects | plans to develop agriculture |
| appropriate | in the right way, suitable |
| technology | how things work |
| literate | able to read and write |
| external debt | money owed to other countries |
| capital flight | money lost to other countries |
| impede | make progress difficult |
| lavish personal living | spend a lot on yourself |
| World Bank | international bank |
| eliminated | removed from .. |
| macroeconomic | international economics |
| stablize | secure and peaceful |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
| efficient | working well |
| invest | put money into business |
| resides | comes from, depends on |
| vitality | life and energy |
| regulations | laws, rules |
| restrict | control |
| barriers | hinder, make difficult |
| infant industries | new, young business |
| ineficient industries | business not doing well |
| curbing | slow down |
| deficits | debt, money owed |
| sustain | keep going |
| generate | make, create |
| internal funds | money the country has |
| external funds | money in another country |
| abundance | plenty of it |
| exclusive | belongs to that country only |
| expropriation | take foreign land but do not pay |
| grants | gift, for development |
| former | the one before |
| promote | to encourage, say good things |
| guarantees | promise to replace |
| affiliates | business partners |
| soft loans | laons which may not be paid back |
| interest-free | do not pay interest |
| free-trade area | no trade difficulties in that area |
| customs union | group removes duty on goods |
| EU | European Union |
| cartel | special trading group |
| monopoly | total (trade) control in that area |
| bleak | doubtful, future is not good |
| population density | people per square km |
| massive | very very big, huge |
| labour-intensive | more people (not machines) have to work |
