| A | B |
|---|
| Scientific Revolution | new ideas based on observation and willingness to challenge old ideas |
| Nicolas Copernicus | reasoned that sun was center of the universe |
| heliocentric theory | sun-centered theory of the universe |
| Johannes Kepler | devised matehmatical laws that |
| Galileo Galilei | devised laws of motion |
| scientific method | observe, hypothesize, test, analyze |
| Francis Bacon | devised the experimental method (empiricism) |
| René Descartes | helped develop analytical geometry |
| Isaac Newton | devised single theory of motion |
| Enlightenment | age of reason--applied reason to philosophy, not just religion |
| social contract | agreement by which people create government |
| John Locke | came up with the idea of natural rights |
| natural rights | life, liberty, and property |
| philosophe | social critics in France |
| Voltaire | used satire in his writings about society |
| Montesquieu | wrote On the Spirit of the Laws, about separation of powers |
| separation of powers | division of governmental powers among the branches |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau | committed to indivual freedom |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | woman social activist |
| salon | social gatherings hosted by women where philosophy was discussed |
| baroque | grand, ornate style |
| neoclassical | style that borrowed ideas from ancient Greece and Rome |
| enlightened despot | monarchs that embraced ideas of social reform |
| Catherine the Great | ruler of Russia from 1762-1796 |
| Declaration of Independence | document based on the ideas of the Enlightenment |
| Thomas Jefferson | writer of the Declaration of Independence |
| checks and balances | using separation of powers to check the powers of the other branches |
| federal system | power divided between national and state government |
| Bill of Rights | 10 amendments to the U. S. Constitution |
