| A | B |
|---|
| spiritual | African-American songs that expressed hope, faith, and the desire to be free. |
| enslaved people | Worked on plantations in Florida helping to grow cotton. They worked six days a week from sunrise to sundown. Some had jobs on the plantations and worked as blacksmiths, carpenters, and cooks, but most worked in the cotton fields. If they did not pick cotton fast enough, the overseer would punish them. |
| free african americans | In Florida there were about 1000 free African Americans around the state in 1860. Although they were not enslaved, their lives were not easy. They were treated poorly by white Floridians and they could not leave their own city. |
| manufacturing | The making of goods and machinery. The economy of the North was based on making new goods in factories. |
| Union | In the 1800s, the group of states that made up the United States. |
| abolitionist | A person who wanted to end slavery. |
| states' rights | The belief that the people of each state had the right to decide for themselves whether to outlaw slavery or not. This belief was common in the South. |
| secede | To leave or break away from the Union. Leader of the Florida government met on January 5, 1861 and decided to leave the Union. Ten other states did the same, and together they formed to Confederate States of America. |
| Confederacy | The 11 Southern states that broke away from the United States on 1861 to fight the Union. |
| Civil War | In the United States, the war between the Confederacy and the Union, also call the War Between the States, fought between 1861 and 1865. |
| Abraham Lincoln | President of the United States during the Civil War. |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. |
| Fort Sumter | There was a battle here on April 15, 1861. It signaled that beginning of the Civil War, also called "The War Between the States." |
| fact | A statement that can be proved true. |
| opinion | A belief or feeling that a person has about something. |
| blockade | The closing of an area to keep people and supplies from entering or leaving. This was used to try to keep Florida from trading cotton for weapons and other supplies with countries in Europe. It was unsuccessful because of Florida's long coastline. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | The announcement by President Lincoln in 1863 that said that enslaved people in the Confederacy were free. |
| Olustee | The location of a Florida battle in the Civil War during 1864. Confederate forces under General Joseph Finegan defeated Union forces led by General Truman Seymour. 5,500 Union soldiers tried to destroy a railroad bridge over the Suwannee River. They were met by 5,000 Confederate soldiers and they had a six hour long battle. At the end, the Union troops retreated to Jacksonville. |
| Natural Bridge | The location of an important Civil War battle along the St. Marks River in 1865. Union troops tried to capture Tallahassee but were turned back by Confederate troops on the bridge. |
| Truman A. Seymour | The general who led Union soldiers at the Battle of Olustee. |
| Joseph Finegan | General who led Confederate troops at the Battle of Olustee. |
| Reconstruction | The time after the Civil War when laws were passed to rebuild the South and bring the Confederate states back into the Union. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | An organization set up in 1865 to provide food, education, and medical care to freed African Americans in the South. They started schools and hospitals in the South to help the former slaves build a new life. |
| Black Codes | Laws passed in the South during Reconstruction that restricted the rights of African Americans. |
| amendment | A change to the United States Constitution. |
| sharecropper | A person who grows crops on someone else's land. He or she pays a share, or part, of that crop to the owner of the land. |
| Jim Crow laws | Laws passed at the end of Reconstruction that required the separation of black and white people in public places. |
| Andrew Johnson | President of the United States during Reconstruction. |
| Josiah Walls | Former slave who represented Florida in the United States Congress during Reconstruction. |
| "Breadbasket of the Confederacy" | Florida provided beef, pork, citrus fruits, salt, grain, and vegetables to the Confederate army. They provided so much food that they got a special nickname. Florida was also able to send cotton to Europe in exchange for weapons. This worried the Union leaders who decided to set up a blockade of Florida ports. |
| Fourteenth Amendment | This amendment gave former slaves all of the rights of other American citizens. |
