| A | B |
|---|
| plasmid | circular DNA that gives antibiotic resistance |
| capsule | surrounds bacteria; can secrete toxins; picks up stain |
| pili | help bacteria attach to surfaces |
| bacilli | rod shaped bacteria |
| cocci | spherical shaped bacteria |
| spirulli | spiral shaped bacteria |
| Gram-Positive | classification for bacteria that stain purple |
| Gram-Negative | classification for bacteria that stain pink; usually disease causing |
| staphylococci | spherical bacteria grouped in clusters |
| streptobacilli | chain of bacilli-shaped bacteria |
| diplococcus | two spherical bacteria |
| general characteristics | unicellular; prokaryotic |
| prokaryotic | lacks a true nucleus |
| eukaryotic | DNA surrounded by nuclear membrane |
| Monera | kingdom into which bacteria are classified |
| cyanobacteria | photoautotrophic bacteria |
| endospore | also called a spore; forms inside bacteria during difficult times; released into environment |
| flagella | organelle of motility; move bacteria through a liquid medium |
| saprophytic bacteria | lives off of dead organism tissues |
| parasitic bacteria | lives off of living organism tissue |
| chemoautotrophic bacteria | use chemicals in environment to make food |
| photoautotrophic bacteria | use sunlight to make food through photosynthesis |
| obligate aerobic bacteria | require oxygen for cell respiration |
| obligate anaerobic bacteria | do not require oxygen; in fact are killed by oxygen |
| facultative bacteria | can live with or without oxygen for cell respiration |
| binary fission | form of asexual reproduction |
| binary fission | one bacteria cell divides into two bacteria cells identical to the first |
| conjugation | form of sexual reproduction; "+" bacteria reproduces and sends plasmid DNA to "-" bacteria by a pilus |
| pathogenic bacteria | disease-causing bacteria |
| endotoxins | released from dead bacteria to make organism sick or die |
| exotoxin | release by living bacteria; cause organism to become sick or die |
| phototaxic bacteria | move towards light |
| chemotaxic bacteria | move towards a chemical food source |
| magnetaxic bacteria | move towards an iron containing source |
| transduction | bacteria receive DNA from another bacteria by viruses;can help create antibiotic resistance |
| transformation | bacteria take in DNA from the environment; can help create antibiotic resistance |
| priamry role of bacteria | decomposition and recycling of organic materials |
| adaptation | ability to respond and change to alterations in the environment |
