| A | B |
|---|
| astrolabe | Instrument that measured the positions of stars & planets |
| compass | instrument that shows the direction of magnetic north |
| caravel | sailing vessel designed for rough seas & long voyages |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer who was paid by Spain to find the New World in 1492 |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Italian merchant who believed in the value of the new world; land named "America" in honor of him |
| Pedro Alvarez Cabral | Portugese explorer blown off course to Africa; discovered present-day Brazil |
| Juan Ponce de Leon' | Spanish explorer seeking the "Fountain of Youth" |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Portugese explorer who wanted to find the water route to Asia by sailing around the tip of South America |
| distortion | errors in size, shape, or direction |
| projection | way of showing the round earth on a flat surface |
| conquistador | Spanish explorer who came to conquer the Indian civilizations |
| Hernando Cortes | ruthless conquistador who conquered the Aztecs |
| Moctezuma | Aztec ruler A.K.A. Montezuma who believed Cortez was an Aztec god |
| Tenochtitlan | Aztec capital conquered by Cortes |
| Dona' Marina | Captured Aztec princess who helped Cortes communicated with the Aztecs & other Indian tribes |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who massacred the Inca |
| Atalhualpa | Incan leader who allowed Pizarro to trick him into defeat |
| Tumbes | Ancient Incan city, located in present-day Peru, at which Pizarro first saw evidence of the Incan Empire. |
| Cuzco | Capital city of the ancient Incan civilization; located in present-day Peru. |
