| A | B |
|---|
| rock | Earth material made of a mixture of one or more minerals, glass, mineraloids, or organic matter |
| rock cycle | process by which rocks form and change back and forth among igneous, sedimentary, & metamorphic |
| igneous rock | rock formed by cooling and hardening of molten material in magma or volcanos |
| lava | molten rock flowing from a volcano onto the Earth's surface |
| intrusive | igneous rocks formed when magma cools below Earth's surface |
| extrusive | igneous rock formed when lava cools on Earth's surface |
| basaltic | dark-colored, dense igneous rock that forms from magma rich in iron and magnesium |
| granitic | light-colored igneous rock that forms from magma rich in silicon and oxygen |
| metamorphic rock | rock formed from sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rock due to increases in pressure or heat |
| foliated | metamorphic rock created when mineral grains flatten into parallel bands |
| nonfoliated | metamorphic rock without layered bands |
| sedimentary rock | rock formed when fragments of rock, minerals, and/or organic matter are compacted or cemented together or precipitated out of solutions |
| sediment | loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of plant or animal transported by wind, water, or glaciers |
| compaction | sedimentary rock-forming process that occurs when layers of small sediments become compressed by weight of layers above them |
| cementation | sedimentary rock-forming process in which large sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between the sediments |
