| A | B |
|---|
| Oceanus | child born on the Mayflower |
| Virginia Dare | first English child born in the New World |
| charter | official document giving a person permission to do something, such as settle an area |
| armada | large fleet of ships, especially warships |
| Queen Elizabeth I | queen of England during the rounding of the Roanoke colony and defeat of the Spanish Aramada |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | English explorer, historian, and soldier/started two unsuccessful colonies |
| John White | leader of the English colony of Roanoke in 1587 |
| King Philip II | king of Spain during the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 |
| Roanoke Island | island off the coast of North Carolina, the site of the "Lost Colony" |
| Virginia | region north of Florida that was claimed by the English and the Spanish/named in honor of the Virgin Queen (Elizabeth I) |
| 1585 | first English people came to make a settlement in the New World/hunger and hardships |
| 1587 | 2nd try at colonization by English/John White left for England to get more food and supplies/Virginia Dare was born |
| 1588 | Spanish Armada was defeated by England/Sir Francis Drake led the English fleet |
| 1590 | John White returned to Roanoke (after four years) and found no one |
| Why did colonists settle in Jamestown? | They thought it was safe from the Spanish ships, and there was good hunting and fishing grounds. |
| What hardships did the colonists encounter? | Water was salty and dangerous to drink; the mosquitoes carried diseases; the land was swampy |
| Who saved Jamestown? | Captain John Smith |
| How did Smith save the colony? | He told them, "He that will not work, shall not eat." He made them build houses, plant crops, and raise livestock. |
| How did tobacco change the colony? | People were coming to grow and sell it; it made the colony more money; it became a cash crop |
| Other major events that helped the colony to grow | Women were coming (1619); House of Burgesses was formed (1619); first Africans arrived as indentured servants (1619) |
| Mayflower Compact | an agreement the Pilgrims made before landing in New England to make and obey "just and equal laws" |
| sachem | leader or chief of any group of Native Americans in the Eastern Woodlands and Great Lakes region |
| Cape Cod | a peninsula in southern Massachusetts, enclosing Cape Cod Bay |
| New England | northern region of tbe U.S. containing the states of Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island |
| Massasoit | main Wampanoag sachem who made a peace agreement with the Pilgrims in Plymouth |
| Squanto | Pawtuxet Native American who helped the Pilgrims at Plymouth to survive |
| Samoset | Wamponoag sachem who was among those who first met the Pilgrims in 1620 |
| William Bradford | Governor of the Plymouth Colony beginning in 1621 |
| Miles Standish | English army captain at Plymouth who helped defend the colony |
| Plymouth/Plimoth | town in southeastern Massachusetts founded by the Pilgrims in 1620 |
| Croatoan | word carved on the tree that was discovered by John White/name of a nearby tribe |
