| A | B |
|---|
| cilia | hairlike structures in the nose that help filter foreign particles |
| mucus | secreted in the mucous membranes in the nose this helps moisten the air |
| capillaries | tiny blood vessels in the nose that help warm the air. |
| Pharynx | throat |
| larynx | voice box |
| vocal cords | membranes in the larynx which air passes through to make sounds |
| epiglottis | blocks passage into larynx from pharynx |
| trachea | windpipe; composed of rings of cartilage & lined with cilia |
| lungs | organ where gas exchange occurs |
| bronchi | 2 cartilage lined tubes that branch off of the trachea |
| bronchial tubes | branch off the bronchi |
| bronchioles | smaller tubes that branch off of the bronchial tubes |
| alveoli | thin-walled air sacs that are covered with capillaries for diffusion to occur |
| macrophages | phagocytes that engulf foreign particles in the lungs |
| vital capacity | maximum amount of air inhaled & then exhaled |
| tidal volume | amount of air in a normal inhalation & exhalation |
| inhalation | air is drawn into the lungs |
| exhalation | air is forced out of the lungs |
| diaphragm | muscle on the bottom of the chest cavity that controls breathing |
| pleura | 2 layer membrane around each lung |
| chemoreceptors | detects low oxygen levels in the blood & sends messages to the brain;found in the aorta & other arteries |
| oxygen | transported to tissues by red blood cells |
| oxyhemoglobin | formed when oxygen bonds with hemoglobin |
| carbon monoxide | slows down oxygen transport |
| carbon dioxide | waste product of cellular respiration |
| carbonic acid | formed when carbon dioxide combines with water; most common way (70%) carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs. |
| carboxyhemoglobin | 20% of carbon dioxide is transported this way; formed when carbon dioxide bonds with hemoglobin |
| plasma | where 10% of the carbon dioxide that enters the lungs is diffused into |
| asthma | bronchioles contract forcing air out, caused by an allergic reaction, exertion & emotions; treated with bronchiodilators |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi with an increase in mucus causing coughing associated with smoking & pollution |
| emphysema | damage done to the alveoli associated with smoking, irreversible, inelastic scar tissue forms hindering gas exchange |
| lung cancer | abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth in the tissue of the lungs;caused by smoking;leading cause of death in the U.S |
| carcinogens | things that cause cancer |
| pneumonia | alveoli fill with fluid as a result of a bacterial infection; treated with antibiotics |
