| A | B |
|---|
| acid | donates hydrogen or protons; has pH 1-6 |
| neutral | pH of 7; distilled water |
| base | donates hydroxide; pH 8-14 |
| solute | substance that is dissolved |
| solvent | substance that is dissolved |
| solution | a solute and solvent in equilibrium; is clear and homogeneous |
| unsaturated soltuion | can still dissolve more stuff |
| saturated solution | cannot dissolve any more; crystals settle out |
| supersaturated soultion | was forced to hold too much; extra causes crystallization |
| mixture | substances placed together without losing identity or bonding; easily separated |
| homogeneous mixture | evenly blended cannot see the particles |
| heterogeneous mixture | not blended well; particles can be distinguished |
| suspension | a cloudy heterogeneous mixture that can settle or filter out |
| colloid | a thick homogeneous mixture that can be gel-like |
| factors that increase solubility of a solid | crushing( increasing surface area), shaking/stirring ( agitation); heating |
| factors that increase solubility of a gas | keep it cold and under pressure |
| factors that increase solubility of a liquid | "like dissolves like" only can mix polar with polar and nonpolar with nonpolar |
| neutralization | when an acid and base react in a double replacement reaction to make a salt and water |
| indicator | changes colors at different pHs |
| salt | a product of an acid-base neutralization reaction |
| soild in liquid | salt water |
| solid in gas | smoke in air |
| gas in liquid | soda (carbon dioxide in water) |
| liquid in gas | water in air ( fog/humidity) |
| liquid in liquid | cream in coffee |
| solid in solid | copper in nickle ( bronze ) |
| gas in solid | whipped cream ( carbon dioxide in cream) |
| gas in gas | air ( carbondioxide in nitrogen) |
| solubility | "dissolve-ability" |
| acid properties | sour; cause carbonates to decompose to carbon dioxide; dissolve metals to release hydrogen; turn litmus red and phenolphthalein clear |
| base properties | bitter;feel slimy; do not react with carbonates or metals; turn litmus blue and phenolphthalein red |
| common acids | juice, soda, vinegar |
| common bases | salt water, baking soda, antacids, ammonia |
| ______ic acids | hydrogen and ______ate |
| ______ous acids | hydrogen and _____ite |
| hydro____ic acids | hydrogen and an element from the periodic table |
| buffer | inhibits changes in pH ; keeps the pH constant |
