| A | B |
|---|
| los artículos definidos-the definite articles | el-the (masculine, singular); la-the (feminine, singular) |
| The name of a person, place, thing, or idea | is called a noun. |
| In Spanish, EVERY noun has | gender: either masculine or feminine. |
| ALMOST all nouns that end in "o" | are masculine. |
| ALMOST all nouns that ende in "a" | are feminine. |
| Use the definite article "the" | when referring to a definite or specific person or thing: the girl, the boy, the cat, the house. |
| el muchacho | boy |
| la muchacha | girl |
| el alumno | (male) student |
| la alumna | (female) student |
| el colegio | high school (masculine form) |
| la escuela | school (feminine form) |
| Use the definite article "el" | before a masculine noun. |
| Use the deinite article "la" | before a feminine noun. |
| los artículos indefinidos-the indefinite articles | un-a/an (masculine, singular); una-a/an (feminine, singular) |
| Use an indefinite article | when speaking about a non-specific person or thing. |
| a dog | un perro |
| an apple | una manzana |
| un lago | a lake |
| una silla | a chair |
| Use the indefinite article "un" | before all masculine nouns. |
| Use the indefinite article "una" | before all feminine nouns. |
| A word that describes a noun | is an adjective. |
| a red apple | una manzana roja |
| In Spanish, an adjective must agree in gender (M/F) | with the noun it describes or modifies. |
| If the noun is masculine, | then the adjective must be in the masculine form. |
| If the noun is feminine, | the adjective must be in the feminine form. |
| Many adjecitves end in "o" | in the masculine. |
| Many adjectives end in "a" | in the feminine. |
| un muchacho tímido | a timid/shy boy |
| una muchacha tímida | a shy/timid girl |
| el alumno es | serio. |
| La muchacha es | rubia. |
| El hombre es | moreno. |
| La chica es | alta |
| An infinitive is an action word preceded by the word "to." | to want-querer |
| Spanish infinitives have 3 endings: | -ar, -er, -ir |
| Ser (to be permanently) | date, time, characteristic, personality train, occupation, origen, nationality |
| soy | I am |
| eres | you are (singular) |
| él/ella | he/she is |
| Use "yo" | to talk about yourself - "I." |
| Use "tú" | to address a friend. (you) |
| Use "él " | for "he" |
| Use "ella" | for "she" |
| Soy Juan. | I am John. |
| Tú eres americano. | You are American. |
| Él es un alumno serio. | He is a serious student. |
| Ella es mi amiga. | She is my friend. |
| To make a sentence negative in Spanish, | put the work "no" before the verb. |
| No soy cubano. | I am not Cuban. |
| No eres abogado. | You aren't a lawyer. |
| Ella no es antipático. | She isn't mean. |
| Elena es alta y morena. | Elena is tall and dark. |
| Muchos atletas americanos participan en las olimpíadas. | Many American athletes participate in the olympics. |
| Ella es una patinadora muy simpática. | She is a very nice skater. |
| Ella recibió la quinta medalla de oro en Noruega. | She received her 5th gold medal in Norway. |
| Ella los aplaudió su familia y amigos. | She applauded her family and friends. |
| Él es mental y físicamente muy fuerte. | He is very strong both mentally and physically. |
| el comedor | dining room |
