| A | B |
|---|
| chromosome | location of gene |
| autosomes | numbered chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | X and Y |
| gene | sequence of bases |
| amino acids | what genes sequence |
| chromatid | each half of a duplicated chromosome |
| spindle fibers | pull apart duplicated chromosomes |
| equator | line up location |
| homologous | similar chromosomes |
| homozygous | identical gene pair |
| heterozygous | non-identical gene pair |
| mutation | changes to a gene |
| mutagens | uv radiation and xrays |
| deletion, insertion, substitution | gene mutations |
| translocation, inversion, crossover | chromosomal mutations |
| downs | trisomy 21 |
| turners | monsomy X |
| klinefelters | xxy |
| fragile X | expanding mutation |
| karyotype | used to count chromosomes |
| amniocentesis | procedure to obtain a prenatal chromosomal sample |
| meiosis | process reducing chromosome number by 1/2 |
| mitosis | process maintaining chromosome number for growth |
| synapsis | pairing up of homologous chromosomes |
| tetrad | 2 duplicated chromosomes |
| haploid | half set of chromosomes |
| diploid | full set of chromosomes |
| zygote | cell with diploid number of chromosomes |
| gametes | cells with half the number of chromosomes |
| fertilization | union of egg and sperm |
