| A | B |
|---|
| Ribs | Moved by intercostal muscles |
| External | The intercostal muscles which lift the ribs |
| Arched | Shape of the diaphragm at rest |
| Diaphragm | Pulled down when you breathe in |
| Muscle | What the diaphragm is made of |
| Trachea | Biggest tube, protected by rings of cartilage |
| Bronchus | Bigger than the bronchioles |
| Bronchioles | Small tubes which lead to the alveoli |
| Alveoli | Site of gas exchange |
| Cilia | Beat rhythmically to move mucus out of the lungs |
| Mucus | Traps dirt particles and bacteria |
| Goblet cell | Secretes mucus |
| Atmospheric pressure | Pushes air into lungs |
| Increases | What happens to the volume of the lungs to lower the pressure when you breathe in |
| Decreases | What happens to the volume of the lungs to increase pressure when you breathe out |
| Exhale | A word which means 'to breathe out' |
| Ventilation | The proper word for moving air in and out of the lungs |
| White blood cells | Cells found in the lungs which kill bacteria |
| Smoking | Process which causes you to produce too much mucus |
| Bronchitis | Swollen airways |
| Emphysema | An illness where the walls of the alveoli get broken down |
| Tar | Mixture of chemicals in cigarettes which causes lung cancer |
| Lung cancer | Caused by tar |
| Gas exchange | Happens in the alveoli |
| Smoking | A way of getting hydrogen cyanide, tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine into your body |
| Twenty one | Percentage of oxygen in the air |
| Nitrogen | A gas which is not absorbed by the lungs |
| Seventy nine | Percentage of nitrogen in the air |
| Five | Percentage of carbon dioxide in exhaled air |
| Carbon dioxide | There is 0.04% in the air you breathe in |
| Oxygen | Passes into the blood from the alveoli |
| Thin walls | Alveoli have these to reduce the diffusion distance |
| Diffusion | How gases get between the blood and alveoli |
| Plasma | Component of the blood which carries carbon dioxide |
| Surface area | The lungs have a large one, due to the huge number of alveoli |
| Cartilage | C shaped rings of this proitect the trachea |
| Hydrogen cyanide | A gas in cigarettes which paralyses cilia |
| Thorax | Proper name for the space above the diaphragm which includes the lungs and ribs |
| Contract | What the muscle of the diaphragm does when you breathe in |
| Intercostal | Muscles between the ribs |
