| A | B |
|---|
| bioavailability | absorption and use of a vitamin by the body |
| precursors | substances that precede others |
| provitamins | inactive form of a vitamin |
| coenzyme | protein used to facilitate a chemical reaction |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | thiamin deficiency in alcoholics |
| beriberi | thiamin deficiency |
| niacin equivalents | niacin in food that can be converted to useful form |
| pellagra | niacin-deficiency disease |
| niacin flush | niacin toxicity effect |
| physiological effect | normal body function |
| pharmacological effect | excess intake which overwhelms body systems |
| antagonist | competing factor which counteracts the action of another factor |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | pinched nerve at the wrist |
| dietary folate equivalents | folate available to the body |
| neural tube defects | malformation of the brain and spinal chord of a developing fetus |
| anemia | reduction in number or size of blood cells |
| macrocytic anemia | abnormally large red blood cells |
| intrinsic factor | glycoprotein necessary to vitamin B12 absorption |
| atrophic gastritis | chronic inflammation of the stomach |
| pernicious anemia | blood disorder due to vitamin B12 deficiency |
| choline | used to make phospholipid lecithin and acetylcholine |
| inositol | nonessential nutrient used in cell membranes |
| carnitine | nonessential nutrient made from lysine |
| scurvy | vitamin C deficiency disease |
| purgative | a strong laxative |
| antiscorbutic factor | original name for vitamin C |
| ascorbic acid | active form of vitamin C |
| antioxidant | compound that protects other compounds from oxidation |
| cofactor | facilitates enzymatic activity |
| histamine | causes inflammation due to immune system reaction |
| false positive | inaccurate test result indicating disease |
| false negative | inaccurate test result indicating lack of disease |
| withdrawal reaction | reaction to removal of a substance |
