| A | B |
|---|
| Genetic engineering | The application of molecular genetics for practical purposes. |
| DNA technology | The technology involved in genetic engineering. |
| Restriction enzymes | Bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA molecules into more manageable pieces. |
| Sticky ends | When a restriction enzyme cuts DNA and single-chain "tails" are formed. |
| Blunt ends | When a restriction enzyme cuts DNA and no single-chain "tails" are formed. |
| Cloning vector | A carrier that is used to clone a gene and transfer it from one organism to another. |
| Plasmid | A ring of DNA found in a bacterium in addition to its main chromosome. |
| Donor gene | A specific gene isolated from another organism. |
| Gene clone | An exact copy of a gene. |
| Insulin | A protein that controls sugar metabolism. |
| Genomic library | The set of thousands of DNA pieces from a genome. |
| Recombinant DNA | The combination of DNA from two or more sources. |
| Transgenic organism | A host receiving recombinant DNA. |
| DNA fingerprint | A pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an individual's DNA. |
| RFLP analysis | Extracting DNA from a specimen of blood or other tissue and cutting it into fragments using restriction enzymes. |
| Gel electrophoresis | The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, primarily according to their size and charge. |
| Probes | Radioactive segments of DNA that are complementary to the segments being compared. |
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | Often used to make many copies of selected segments of the available DNA in order to conduct further investigations. |
| Primer | An artifically made single-stranded sequence of DNA required for the initiation of replication. |
| Human Genome Project | The determination of the entire human genome. |
| Gene therapy | Treating a genetic disorder by introducing a gene into a cell or by correcting a gene defect in a cell's genome. |
