| A | B |
| geology | study of the earth |
| oceanography | study of the oceans |
| astronomy | study of the earth and the planets |
| meteorology | study of the weather |
| lithosphere | solid part of the earth or the land |
| hydrosphere | liquid part of the earth or the water |
| atmosphere | gaseous part of the earth or the air |
| crust | top, thinnest layer of the earth |
| mantle | thickest layer of the earth |
| outer core | liquid core made of iron and nickel |
| inner core | solid core made of iron and nickel |
| magma | hot, liquid rock found in the mantle |