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| Give examples of environmental change. | There could be a shift in climate, depletion of natural resources, a drought, or an earthquake. |
| What is the effect of an environmental change? | It can result in the redistribution of the world's population, blending cultures. |
| Give some examples of economic pressure. | Examples include increasing population, famine, and unemployment. |
| What is the effect of migration caused by economic pressure? | There can be shifts in population. |
| Give some examples of political and religious persecution. | Political & religious persecution include things like slave trade, war, ethnic cleansing, repression. |
| What is the effect of migration caused by political and religious persecution? | There can be dislocation and oppression of peoples, the spread of ideas and religions. |
| Give examples of technological development. | Development of tools, agriculture, iron smelting, communications and transportation networks. |
| What is the effect of migration caused by technological development? | It can result in the development of civilizations and empires. |
| What is one method of tracing the patterns of movement by people throughout history? | Experts study the spread of languages; if 2 languages have similar words, it is likely those speaking them were once in close contact. |
| The Niger-Congo African language is an example of massive migration. How? | It consists of 900 individual languages. The Bantu-speaking people migrated from the savanna south of the Sahara, and they moved southward and eastward throughout Africa, spreading their language & culture. (See pg. 204 for details) |
| What is the theory explaining why the Bantu-speaking peoples migrated? | As agriculture improved & more food was produced, the population in West Africa increased. Soon, there wasn't enough land to go around,so the people started moving southward. |
| Why were the BaMbuti and San driven off in territorial wars? | The BaMbuti and San fought with stone weapons, while their adversaries had iron-tipped spears. Today, BaMbuti are only in a corner of the Congo Basin; San live around the Kalahari, Namibia, and Botswana. |
| As a result of the massive migration of the Bantu, how many people speak some form of the Bantu languages? | At least 60 million speak one of the hundreds of Bantu languages. |
