| A | B |
|---|
| John D. Rockefeller | Head of Standard Oil |
| vertical integration | process by which a company buys out all of its suppliers |
| Andrew Carnegie | Millionaire tycoon who made his riches in the steel industry |
| horizontal consolidation | process by which a company buys out all of its competition |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | unsuccessful attempt by Congress to regulate big business |
| holding company | corporation that does nothing but buy out the stock of other companies |
| merger | the companpy that results from one corporation's buying out the stock of another |
| robber barons | critical term used to describe such industrialists as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller |
| Social Darwinism | theory that justified the efforts of millionaires and discouraged government interference in big business |
| trust | corporation made up of many companies that receive certificates entitling them to dividends on profits earned |
| monopoly | market in which one company has complete control overan industry's production, quality, wages paid, and prices charged |
| Christopher Sholes | invented the typewriter |
| Edwin L. Drake | first person who successfully used a steam engine to remove oil from beneath the earth's surface |
| Eugene V. Debs | ran the American Railway Union and later ran for president several times as a socialist |
| Mary Harris "Mother" Jones | organized coal miners, their wives, and their children to fight for better working conditions |
| Thomas Alva Edison | perfected the incandescent light bulb, created an electrical power system, and organized power plants |
| Black Gold | crude oil |
| Henry Bessemer | developed a cheap and efficientmanufacturing process for making steel |
| Alexander Graham Bell | credited with inventing the telephone |
| Mrs. Sauter | your American History teacher |
