| A | B |
|---|
| directional selection | a form of selection in which selection acts to eliminate one extreme from an array of phenotypes |
| stabilizing selection | acts to stabilize the population around some average value |
| disruptive selection | the environment selects for the two extremes, against the average, splitting the population in two or more types |
| industrial melanism | replacement of a light morph by a dark morph in an industrialized area - nearly 200 species of Lepidoptera |
| microevolution | evolution at or below the level of the species |
| macroevolution | evolution above the level of the species (orders, classes etc…) |
| adaptation | Over the course of time, species modify their phenotypes in ways that permit them to succeed in their environment |
| homologous structures | • Homologous structures are structurally and developmentally similar, even though they may be put to very different uses |
| analogous structures | superficially similar, but structurally and developmentally different |
| divergent evolution | see lecture: slide; • Homologous structures are evidence of divergent evolution, divergence from a common ancestor |
| convergent evolution | two unrelated lineages converge on a common solution to an evolutionary problem |
