| A | B |
|---|
| neutron | subatomic particle with no charge |
| proton | subatomic particle with a positive charge |
| electron | subatomic particle with a negative charge |
| chemical compound | bonding of two elements |
| molecule | new substance formed by covalent bonds (like water) |
| element | something that can't be broken down further (things on the periodic table) |
| lipids | fats, oils and waxes |
| enzyme | protein that breaks down substrates (substances) |
| substrate | substance that is broken down by an enzyme |
| carbohydrates | starches and sugars |
| proteins | meats, nuts and beans |
| active site | binding of enzyme and substrate occurs here |
| amino acids | smaller units that make up proteins |
| CHO | The elements in lipids and carbs (abbreviation) |
| CHON | the elements in proteins (abbreviation) |
| atom | smallest chemical unit |
| saccharide | Latin for sugar |
| monosaccharide | simple (or 1) sugar |
| disaccharide | double (or 2) sugar |
| polysaccharide | complex (or many) sugar |
| sucrose (sugar) | example of a disaccharide |
| glucose (our blood sugar) | example of a monosaccharide |
| starch (potatoes) | example of a polysaccharide |
| saturated triglyceride | solid at room temperature (fats) |
| unsaturated triglyceride | liquid at room temperature (oils) |
| chemical reaction | change from one substance to another |
| C6H1206 | chemical formula for glucose |
| hexagon | shape for glucose molecule |
| Capital letter E | shape for lipid molecule |
| Long ribbon wrapped in 3-dimensional shapes | shape for protein molecule |
| Macromolecules | 4 organic compounds of which living things are composed |
| Energy | What is needed for a chemical reaction |
| ase | the ending of many enzymes' names |
| ose | the ending of many sugars' names |
| Nucleic Acids | DNA and RNA - coders for characteristics |
| electron | found on outside of an atom |
| proton | equals the atomic number |
| neutron | This plus protron approximately equals atomic mass |
| cohesion | Attraction between substances of the same kind |
| adhesion | Attraction between different substances |
| hydrogen bond | Polar bond between hydrogen molecules such as water |
| pH scale | Scale for comparing acids and bases in a solution |
| solute | substance dissolved in a solution |
| solution | mixture of one or more substances |
| solvent | substance in which the solute is dissolved |
| activation energy | Energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| ionic bond | Transfer of electrons from one element to another to create a compound |
| covalent bond | sharing of electrons to create a molecule |
| monomer | small, simple molecules |
| polymer | a linkage of monomers together |
| hydrolysis | breakdown of complex molecules to smaller ones |
| polypeptide | Bonding of amino acids in a long chain |
| hydrophilic | water loving |
| hydrophobic | water hating |
| base | more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions in solution |
| acid | more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions in solution |
| rainwater | slightly acidic water example |
| sea water | slightly basic water example |
| household cleaners, soap, baking soda | examples of basic substances |
| lemon juice, cola, apples | examples of acidic substances |
| polar molecule | molecule with uneven distribution of charges |
| covalent bond | electrons of two elements are shared with each other |
| ionic bond | electrons are taken from one element by another |
| NaCl | Example of ionic compound |
| H2O | Example of covalent molecule |
| hydrogen bond | Bond between two molecules like water |
| macromolecule | large, covalently-bonded polymer |
| amino acids | monomer of proteins |
| peptide bond | bond between amino acids |
| polypeptide | polymer of proteins |
| fatty acid | monomer of lipids |
| fatty acid, glycerol | two parts of lipids |
