| A | B |
|---|
| organic compounds | contain carbon;most also contain hydrogen |
| inorganic compounds | usually do not contain carbon |
| water | an important inorganic compound |
| cohesion | force of attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between the molecules of one substance and the molecules of another substance |
| polar molecule | a molecule with regions of partial negative and partial positive charges |
| capillary action | the upward movement of water in a narrow tube |
| the number of bonds formed by carbon | four |
| carbohydrates | contain C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| lipids | contain C,H,O, with proportionally little O |
| nucleic acids | contain C,H,O,N,P |
| proteins | contain C,H,O,N,(sometimes P or S) |
| monosaccharides | building blocks of carbohydrates |
| 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids | building blocks of lipids |
| nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| dehydration synthesis | putting together compounds by removing water |
| hydrolysis | breaking apart compounds by adding water |
| disaccharide | formed by joining two simple sugars (monosaccharides) |
| polysaccharide | formed from 3 or more monosaccharides |
| starch | stored polysaccharides in plants |
| glycogen | stored polysaccharides in animals |
| saturated fat | contains single bonds only, solid at room temperature |
| unsaturated fat | contains double bonds, liquid at room temperature |
| lipid | organic compound containing C,H,O with proportionally little oxygen |
| oil | liquid, unsaturated fat, found in plants |
| DNA and RNA | two kinds of nucleic acids |
| sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base | parts of a nucleotide |
| single-stranded nucleic acid | RNA |
| double-stranded nucleic acid | DNA |
| nitrogenous base found in RNA only | uracil |
| nitrogenous base found in DNA only | thymine |
| carboxyl group, amino group, central C, H atom, R side chain | parts of an amino acid |
| 2 amino acids combined by dehydration synthesis | dipeptide |
| 3 or more amino acids held together by peptide bonds | polypeptide |
| enzyme | a protein catalyst |
| catalyst | substance that takes part in a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| substrate | substance that undergoes a reaction |
| active site | part of an enzyme that combines with the substrate |
| lock and key model of enzyme action | substrate fits exactly into active site |
| induced fit model of enzyme action | enzyme changes shape to "grasp" the substrate |
| factors affecting enzyme action | pH, temperature, concentration |
| steroid | lipid with 4-ring structure |
| cholesterol | steroid used to make hormones |
| estradiol,testosterone | steroids that act as hormones |
| hormones | chemical messengers |
| glucose | example of a monosaccharide |
| sucrose | example of a disaccharide |
| "hydrophilic" means | attracts water molecules |
| "hydrophobic" means | repels water molecules |
| These molecules are hydrophilic | carbohydrates |
| These molecules are hydrophobic | lipids |
| carbon skeleton | two or more carbon atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| functional group | group of atoms within a molecule that behaves in predictable ways |
| hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino | examples of functional groups |
| central carbon, H atom, amino group, R side chain | parts of an amino acid |
